Traffic accident risk perception among drivers: a latent variable approach

ABSTRACT

Governments require decision tools to deal with road traffic accidents, a pandemic resulting in millions of deaths around the world. Evidence shows that human factors are one of the major causes of road accidents, and there is much interest in identifying variables that may have an impact on drivers’ perception of risk. To this aim, we design a stated choice experiment with eight hypothetical driving scenarios considering attributes that have been strongly associated with increased accident risks: (i) driving speed, (ii) driving the wrong way in a one-way street, (iii) overtaking on a bend, and (iv) driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Data from a sample of survey respondents are used to estimate a hybrid discrete choice model incorporating two latent variables, Driver Concentration and Safe Driving. Our results may contribute to the design of public policies geared to prevent accidents by encouraging safer driving behaviour.     

A cognitive framework to plan for the future of transportation

ABSTRACT

Automated, connected, electrified, and shared mobility will be cornerstones of the transportation future. Research to quantify the potential benefits and drawbacks of practice, and to identify barriers to adoption, is the first step in any strategic plan for their adoption. However, uncertainties, complexity, interdependence, and the multidisciplinary nature of emerging transportation technologies make it difficult to organize and identify focused research. The contribution of this work is a cognitive framework to help planners and policymakers organize broad topics, reveal challenges, discover ideas for solutions, quantify potential impacts, and identify implications to guide preparation strategies. The authors provide example cognitive frameworks for connected, automated, and electrified vehicles.     

Cooperative path following control of UAV and USV cluster for maritime search and rescue北大核心CSCD

［Objectives ］ This paper studies a three-dimensional (3D) cooperative path-following control problem in the process of maritime search and rescue for a heterogeneous unmanned cluster system composed of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs).［Methods ］ First, kinematic models of the UAVs and USVs are established under a fixed coordinate system and body coordinate system. In order to design a 3D path-following controller suitable for motion control, an air coordinate system is established, and the path tracking error models of the UAVs and USVs are established in the Serret-Frenet coordinate system. Next, a 3D line-of-sight (LOS) guidance law is designed at the kinematic level, and a cooperative path-following control method suitable for heterogeneous clusters of marine vehicles is proposed, allowing the UAVs and USVs to track the preset parameterized path. Finally, the stability of the control system is analyzed based on the Lyapunov stability theory.［Results］The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative path-following control method for heterogeneous clusters of marine vehicles.［Conclusions］The results of this study can provide references for maritime search and rescue by using the proposed cooperative path-following control method. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

Addressing endogeneity in strategic urban mode choice models

Transportation - Endogeneity is a potential anomaly in econometric models, which may cause inconsistent parameter estimates. Transport models are prone to this problem and applications that...     

基于成对组合的遗传算法生成联锁测试用例

计算机联锁自动测试的质量往往取决于测试用例的质量.本文提出一种新的设计思想:将基于成对组合覆盖的遗传算法用于计算机联锁测试用例的生成和优化,并以道岔测试为例对该算法的应用过程进行详细分析,重点介绍成对组合覆盖方法、算法的整体框架和遗传操作设计.采用遗传算法对成对组合的启发式算法AETG进行改进,有效地减少了冗余的测试用例,提高测试用例质量和联锁测试效率.     

一种优化同步整流AC/DC变换器的应用研究

同步整流的零电流开关、零电压开关是高效率开关电源的研究热点,首先对反激拓扑的零电流开关同步整流原理进行了分析,说明了真值零电流检测与实现零电流开关同步整流的关系,再应用理论计算,推导出优化的效率,最后利用NCP4303说明其控制实现,并进行了电路的验证.     

关于圈 Cn 的 IC -着色和 IC -指数

设正整数 xi = f (vi)是图 G 的顶点 vi 的着色,H 是 G 的子图,f ()H 是 H 的顶点着色的和,若对任意正整数j(1 j  f ()G )都存在 G 的连通子图 H 使得 j = f ()H ,则称 f 是 G 的 IC -着色.若 f ()G 最大,则称 f ()G 为 G 的 IC -指数.考虑了圈 Cn 的 IC -着色和 IC -指数 I ;得到了:当 n =10111214时 Cn 的 IC -指数     

磷石膏还原分解过程的热力学模拟

针对高硫煤还原分解磷石膏的反应复杂性,采用FactSage 6.1计算软件对其化学热力学平衡反应进行计算,并与相同条件下的磷石膏分解反应试验结果进行了比较.结果表明高硫煤还原分解磷石膏的主要产物为CaO,CaS,SO2等.综合分析表明温度是影响高硫煤还原分解磷石膏产物组成及含量的重要因素且在1 100℃时分解效果较好,可作为最佳温度的选择标准.计算结果虽与试验结果在确定组分含量上存有一定差异但产物组成及变化趋势相近,表明化学热力学平衡分析方法可作为磷石膏分解反应特性研究的指导性手段.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的血清差异表达蛋白分析

目的应用液体芯片-飞行时间质谱技术从慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的血清中找出差异表达蛋白,筛选出其蛋白多肽(m/z)的疾病标志物。方法应用液体蛋白芯片(MB-WCX)结合飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对16例病理确诊的COPD患者和32例正常对照人群进行血清蛋白组分析。采用ClinProTools软件进行蛋白多肽的组间差异对比,共获得115个蛋白多肽峰图,其中24个蛋白多肽峰图具有极显著差异(P<0.001),其中10个蛋白多肽在COPD患者中表达下调,其余14个蛋白多肽在COPD患者中表达上调。两组数据中最大差异的两个蛋白多肽峰分别是m/z:1 012.92和m/z:4 152.85。结论利用液体芯片-飞行时间质谱技术可以从COPD患者的血清中获得稳定丰富的蛋白多肽图谱,并且能够筛选出潜在的疾病标志物。     

向世界级城市学习:天津市滨海新区CBD慢行交通规划

构建世界级CBD,以人为本的慢行交通系统不可或缺。选取纽约、伦敦、东京、北京、上海等国际大都市作为天津市滨海新区CBD的比较样本,从干路网割裂程度、轨道交通车站辐射范围、干路步行过街设施布局等方面进行量化分析,总结中国城市CBD慢行环境与国外发达城市的差距。针对天津市滨海新区CBD,提出慢行岛、慢行核、轨道慢行接驳辐三类空间单位;基于慢行岛间慢行连通、慢行核内慢行优先、轨道慢行接驳辐内快慢衔接的规划策略,提出自行车入城高速路和三级骨干自行车道网及地下步行系统和地面三级骨干步道网的规划方案;确定自行车停车设施、步行过街设施、慢行跨河设施的布局标准,并给出交通宁静化设计及动态管理对策。