Goal achievement with trusting partnerships at the tactical level

Recent Thredbo Conferences have begun to explore the importance of the relationship between public transport service purchaser and provider in the development of successful public transport services. However, practical examples to test the trusting partnership model are rare. Bus service planning and delivery in Melbourne, Australia, has pioneered the trusting partnership approach, from agreement about desirable service standards and requisite operator qualifications (at the Tactical level) to detailed service delivery contracts. New negotiated performance-based metropolitan bus contracts commenced in January 2009, embodying principles discussed in previous Thredbo Conferences. This paper reports on the Tactical planning process that agreed service standards and the subsequent contract negotiation process, reflecting a trusting partnership between purchaser and provider, while remaining transparent and accountable and maintaining performance pressure on the provider. It shows how patronage growth rates have increased dramatically and identifies areas where further enhancements should be explored in the contracting area.     

The port and maritime industries in the post-2008 world: Challenges and opportunities

This article introduces the theme of this issue - the port and maritime industries in the post-2008 world - including its background and significance. A brief introduction on the contents of this issue is also given.     

中俄国际交通走廊珲春国际港可行性分析

珲春市是"一带一路"东起点,也是吉林省借港出海唯一通道。滨海2号路线为长春—吉林—珲春—扎鲁比诺港,将吉林省与俄滨海边疆区海港连接起来,实现东北货物南运出境不出国。由于珲春—扎鲁比诺港路线尚处起步阶段,集疏运条件需要培育、磨合的过程,相较形成规模的渤海湾港口通道存在劣势。首先对标营口港路线运费标准,确定珲春节点具有经济性的腹地范围,再根据腹地企业确定相关货种,在保证完成浙吉两省合作任务的同时,确保项目的经济合理性。     

Maritime legislation: new areas for safety of life at sea

This study reveals areas where IMO regulations of safety of life at sea can be improved upon. After examination of 5389 mortality and 3559 accident cases of UK seamen and 6878 fatalities of worldwide seamen, it finds fatalities due to personal accidents on board ship constitute ~90% of all mortality cases. Therefore, prevention of personal accidents should be given a higher priority. It reveals also that accidents involving coastal (domestic) ferries were another concern in the safety of life in shipping, e.g. in 1996 alone more than 2562 fatalities occurred in this sector. As a case study, the nationalities of 364 deceased seamen in bulk carrier disasters (1990?1998) are identified. Fatalities to British and worldwide seamen are based on the data obtained from various sources. However, fatalities to seamen working on board open registry ships are the best estimation, based on the information available to the authors.     

大城市道路交通管理之警务方法——新加坡道路安全教育的经验

通过梳理新加坡在建立道路安全、文明环境方面的不同举措,全面展现新加坡在提升道路安全方面的经验。所有这些新举措共同构成了"更安全的新加坡道路"行动计划,提出"每个生命都很重要"的宗旨,一个生命的陨落都显得太多。这些举措基于交通警察局针对道路安全提出的三管齐下的方法而形成,包括执法、参与和教育,通过这些举措新加坡的交通死亡率在过去10年逐渐降低。自从2013年实施这一行动计划,新加坡道路死亡率得到遏制。未来,面临运营环境的不断挑战,交通警察局将持续追求低道路死亡率的目标并确保道路安全。     

Time-domain TEBEM method for mean drift force and moment of ships with forward speed under the oblique seas

A numerical method for solving 3D unsteady potential flow problem of ship advancing in waves is put forward. The flow field is divided into an inner and an outer domain by introducing an artificial matching surface. The inner domain is surrounded by ship wetted surface and matching surface as well as part of the free surface. The free surface condition for the inner domain is formulated by perturbation about the double-body flow or uniform incoming flow assumption. The outer domain is surrounded by matching surface and the rest free surface as well as infinite far-field radiation boundary. The free surface condition for the outer domain is formulated by perturbation about uniform incoming flow. The simple Green function and transient free surface Green function are used to form the boundary integral equation (BIE) for the inner and outer domains, respectively. Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM) is utilized to solve the double-body flow and inner domain and outer domain unsteady flow BIE. Matching conditions for the inner domain flow and outer domain flow are enforced by the continuity of velocity potential and normal velocity on the matching surface. Direct pressure integration on ship wetted surface is used to obtain the first-order and second-order wave forces (moments). The numerical predictions on the displacement, added resistance, sway mean drift force and yaw mean drift moment of the modified KVLCC2 ship at different forward speeds are investigated by the proposed TEBEM method. It is also compared with the other numerical results. The physical tank experiment results are also developed to validate the accuracy of numerical tank results. Compared with the experiment solutions, a good agreement can be obtained by TEBEM method.

     

Marine Protected Areas in the Canadian Pacific: Do They Fulfill Network Criteria?

As a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada has committed to establishing a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) that effectively conserves at least 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. Research shows that the most effective MPAs are large, well enforced, no-take, and designed as part of a network. Canada's Pacific MPAs, designated site-by-site, cover approximately 3% of Canadian Pacific waters. We investigated how these MPAs could effectively contribute to Canada's national network by analyzing the implementation of management intent through the application of fisheries closures and conducting a preliminary assessment of their size and spacing relative to scientific guidelines. Fisheries closures outside of MPAs were similarly assessed. Results showed that 90% of existing MPAs were intended to exclude commercial fishing, yet only 2.5% fully or partially met this goal, therefore management intent was not achieved. Further, existing MPAs were small, 75% less than 10 km² in size, but were reasonably spaced, from one to 50 km apart. While a suite of fisheries closures may be better suited to effectively contribute to a network than MPAs without fisheries closures, they would require permanent designations and management plans to meet network inclusion criteria.     

Taxi vacancy duration: a regression analysis

Taxi vacancy duration is a major efficiency measure for taxi services. A clear understanding of the various factors and their effect on vacancy duration is necessary for the optimal operational management of taxis. Previous research has only dealt with vacancy duration by assuming probability distributions and has not investigated heterogeneity in the data caused by various factors. We develop a parametric duration model using not only new operational characteristics but also variables associated with taxi demand, such as weather, land use, demographics, socioeconomic variables, and accessibility of public transportation. The model is applied to a large-scale New York City (NYC) taxi trip dataset that covers operations for 2013. The results show that all the attributes have significant associations with vacancy duration that follows a log-normal distribution. Our study is expected to help improve the efficiency of taxi operations by decreasing the time spent in vacant states.     

SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH OF A HUMAN LIVER－DERIVED CELL LINE BY ENDOGENOUSLY PRODUCED PARATHYROID HORMONE－RELATED PEPTIDE

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Sheet metal forming simulation considering die deformation

Due to environmental concerns and safety regulations in the automotive industry, the development of strong and lightweight cars has been a hot issue in the last decade. One solution for this purpose would be to use high-strength steel (HSS) and advanced high-strength steel (AHSS). These materials can make the car lighter while maintaining the crash resistance of the vehicle. HSS and AHSS have more resistance force in the die structure compared with conventional steel due to their higher yield and tensile strength and thus, these materials have a greater effect on die deformation during the sheet metal forming process. As a result, die deformation can affect the blank sheet’s drawn pattern, strain, and stress as well as springback. This study presents a sheet metal forming simulation that considers die deformation. The simulation process was compared with conventional simulation methods. Our results indicate that the sheet metal forming simulation with die deformation consideration provides useful information on the die structure as well as formability and springback.