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401.
The propagation of fatigue cracks under constant amplitude cyclic loading was studied in welded stiffened steel plates. The residual stresses in the stiffened plates were measured using the neutron diffraction strain-scanning technique. A finite element model of the stiffened plate was constructed to simulate the residual stresses by an uncoupled thermal and thermo-mechanical analysis. Both the finite element model and the neutron diffraction measurements indicated that in general the residual stresses were tensile near the welded stiffeners and compressive between the stiffeners and ahead of the starter notch tip. Fatigue testing indicated that the fatigue crack growth rates of the stiffened plates were in general lower than that of a corresponding unstiffened plate, especially near the notch tip where compressive residual stresses existed. Both the finite element method and Green's function predicted the fatigue crack growth rates with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献
402.
Philip J. Zwart Philippe G. Godin Justin Penrose Shin Hyung Rhee 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(4):346-355
An accurate, efficient algorithm for solving free surface flows around ship hulls is described. Accuracy is achieved using
a compressive advection discretization which maintains a sharp free surface interface representation without relying on a
small time step. Efficiency is obtained using a solution algorithm which implicitly couples velocity, pressure, and volume
fractions. The algorithm has been implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code called CFX and is validated by means
of a comparisonwith experimental data of benchmark cases in both steady and transient conditions. 相似文献
403.
J. Hur 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(4):593-600
Motorization in vehicles is expanding rapidly for fuel efficiency, customer comfort, convenience, and safety features. These
new electric loads represent an increase in the required electric power. This has generated interest in new, higher power
systems such as the 42V Power Net. The electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) system is one of these systems. This paper
presents the development of the electric motor-driven pump unit for the EHPS system using a 42V power-Net. The interior type
permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) can be applied to this system with more power density per volume for compactness
of the EHPS. In order to improve the system, the IPMSM and its control method was optimized for improved torque characteristics
and electric power consumption. The performances of both the pump unit and the IPMSM have been verified by experimental results.
Finally, all in one type the electric motor-driven pump unit are developed from the experiment verification. 相似文献
404.
In this paper, a new non-linear tracking controller for vehicle active suspension systems is analytically designed using an
optimization process. The proposed scheme employs a realistic non-linear quarter-car model, which is composed of a hardening
spring and a quadratic damping force. The control input is the external active suspension force and is determined by minimizing
a performance index defined as a weighted combination of conflicting objectives, namely ride quality, handling performance
and control energy. A linear skyhook model with standard parameters is used as the reference model to be tracked by the controller.
The robustness of the proposed controller in the presence of modeling uncertainties is investigated. The performed analysis
and the simulation results indicate that both vehicle ride comfort and handling performance can be improved using the minimum
external force when the proposed non-linear controller is engaged with the model. Meanwhile, a compromise between different
objectives and control energy can easily be made by regulating their respective weighting factors, which are the free parameters
of the control law. 相似文献
405.
H. Thiel K.-O. Kirstein C. Luth U. Luth G. Luther L.-A. Meyer-Reil O. Pfannkuche M. Weydert 《Journal of Marine Systems》1994,4(6)
For over thirty years man has studied “outer space” and installed satellites which watch the surface of the Earth. The great depths of the world ocean are, however, practically unknown and there is an urgent need to put abyssal benthic laboratories into “inner space” in order to study basic phenomena of interest to marine science and climatology as well as man's impact on the oceans.In view of the numerous problems related to global change, as a first step emphasis should first be on the role of the oceans and their inherent processes, which are the focus of such international programmes as the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Multi-disciplinary registration of key events at selected key sites investigating the variability in time and space are of the utmost importance. The same methods and techniques must be used for the study of human impacts on the deep oceans caused by mining of metalliferous resources and by waste disposal as well as in basic studies. However, the investigation of the inner space of our planet has certain requirements. As long-term and large-scale investigations become more and more important, development of automized systems, largely independent from research vessels will be required. This will demand high capacities of energy for all technical functions as well as high storage capacities for data and samples. As a consequence the needs for two different—although overlapping—functional approaches are defined for future deep-sea deployments.(A) A system for long-term registration of the natural variability and long-term monitoring of human impacts: (B) A system for short-term observations and short-time experimentations. This report summarizes their technological demands. The envisioned interdisciplinary technology should deliver information on physical, biological and geochemical processes and their variabilities in the deep oceans. The prospected systems need to have the ability for real time video observation, data transfer and experimental manipulation, as well as sensing and sampling facilities with large storage capacities for long-term deployments.Prospective costs of the described multipurpose abyssal benthic laboratory will presumably exceed the funds for deep-sea research of a single country. A joint European effort could solve this problem and help to manifest a leading role for European marine science in international deep-sea and global change research. 相似文献
406.
J. Venkatesan G. Nagarajan R. V. Seeniraj R. Murugan 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(3):317-322
Mathematical simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and then conducting experiments with the simulation
to understand the system’s behavior. Mathematical simulation is widely used for investigating and designing compressors, and
with a minimal number of simplifying assumptions, mathematical models can be used in conjunction with modern computing tools
to solve complicated problems. A considerable amount of previous research has focused on the mathematical modeling of reciprocating
air compressors used in automotive braking. The aim of the present work was to experimentally validate the mathematical model
for such compressors. We present a simplified and effective mathematical model for estimating compressor performance, and
this model can easily be executed using personal computers. Parameters such as compressor speed, discharge pressure and clearance
volume were evaluated in terms of their effect on the thermodynamic behavior of compressors. The model can predict cylinder
pressure, cylinder volume, cylinder temperature, valve lift and resultant torque at different crank angles; it can also predict
the free air delivered and the indicated power of the compressor. Therefore, the model has been validated using experimental
results. 相似文献
407.
T. Ciobotaru D. Frunzeti L. Jäntschi 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(2):167-172
This paper presents a method for analyzing epicyclic gearboxes by evaluating the speeds, torques and power of the external
elements in epicyclic gear mechanisms, as well as the total ratios of the gear box. The method is based on the equations that
describe each epicyclic gear mechanism and rules that assign appropriate codes to the external elements. The method emphasizes
how power flows are transmitted through the epicyclic gears, as well as power losses. Analysis of an epicyclic gear box is
performed to illustrate the proposed method. 相似文献
408.
409.
B. Supriyo K. B. Tawi H. Jamaluddin 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2013,14(2):313-323
This paper introduces an electro-mechanical, dual acting pulley, continuously variable transmission (EMDAPCVT) and presents its real time ratio controller using a proportional-derivative-plus-conditional-integral (PDPCI) controller. The ratio controller system is developed based on primary (input) and secondary (output) pulley position controllers. Each position controller has two PID parameters, releasing and clamping, which are determined experimentally using a relay feedback method. A PC-based ratio controller system is implemented using Matlab/Simulink® software and a Keithley DAS-1602 data acquisition system card. The experimental results show that the PDPCI controller system can control the CVT ratio adequately. 相似文献
410.