装配式码头灌浆连接节点压弯性能试验研究

对3组装配式码头灌浆连接节点试件进行压弯试验,研究不同灌浆长度和灌浆厚度下灌浆节点的压弯承载力、延性和破坏模式。结果表明,灌浆节点试件具有较好的延性和较高的承载力,灌浆节点受压弯荷载的破坏模式为钢管的压屈破坏;压弯构件的极限承载力随着灌浆长度的增大而增大;灌浆厚度的变化对构件的承载力影响不大,但灌浆厚度增大可以提高灌浆体底部的抗裂能力,建议实际应用时适当增大灌浆厚度。     

GMDSS培训问题分析与改进建议

针对船舶对GMDSS操作员业务水平的评价反馈,以及中华人民共和国海事局对近年来GMDSS通用操作员一次性考证通过率的统计结果,对GMDSS教学方式和GMDSS评估考证的现状进行深入分析,探讨GMDSS培训与教学存在的问题,并提出相应的改进建议。     

透水沥青路面结构与材料技术要求

传统的非透水路面易造成地下水位降低、水量分配不均衡、水质恶化、热岛效应等生态和环境问题。为了缓解这一系列问题,"海绵城市"的概念因此产生,即通过"渗、滞、蓄、净、用、排"等多种技术途径,实现城市良性水文循环,而这一概念的实现是采用透水路面。透水路面作为一种新型路面铺装技术,该研究对其路面结构和材料进行介绍,如能成功引用,将积极支撑起海绵城市的建设与发展,取得显著的环境和生态效益。     

水对边坡稳定性的影响及防治措施

文章分析了影响边坡稳定性的因素,并在此基础上着重探讨了水对边坡稳定性的影响.结论认为,水在某些特定条件下是影响边坡稳定性的关键因素,因而边坡应采取相应的防治措施.     

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

西部原油管道降凝剂工业性试验方案

西部原油干线管道(鄯善-兰州)是目前国内第一条以加降凝剂改性输送室内模拟实验和工艺计算为依据而进行设计的长输原油管道(以加热输送为前提).文中在借鉴室内模拟实验的基础上,结合管道实际,分别考虑了试验输量(输入)、热油温度场的建立、停输、启停炉等各方面因素,制定了较为合理的工业性试验方案.主要包括进管原油的基本物性及其对降凝荆感受性的室内跟踪试验、常温输送现场物性测试、加热输送现场物性测试和降凝剂改性处理顺序输送工业性试验,为该试验的具体实施提供了依据.     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

Exploring airline passengers’ willingness to pay for carbon offsets

This study examines airline passengers’ willingness to pay for carbon-offsets. Using the contingent valuation method of double-bounded dichotomous choice format and a survey of over 1000 Taiwanese passengers flying to countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania to gauge their willingness-to-pay for airline carbon-offsets. The results suggest that despite the trip characteristics and personal background, air travel passengers’ knowledge and perceptions of the carbon-offset scheme also greatly influence the stated willingness to pay.