Traffic assignment by trip type using volume restraint and link restraint for application in small urban areas

This research involved the development of a new traffic assignment model consisting of a set of procedures for an urbanized area with a population of 172,000. Historical, social, and economic data were used as input to conventional trip generation and trip distribution models to produce a trip table for network assignment. This fixed table was divided into three trip types: external-external trips, external-internal trips, and internal-internal trips. The methodology used to develop the new traffic assignment model assigned each of the trip types by varying the diversion of trips from the minimum path. External-external trips were assigned on a minimum path routing and external-internal trips were assigned with a slight diversion from the minimum path. Internal-internal trips were assigned with more diversion than external-internal trips and adjusted by utilizing iterative volume restraint and incremental link restraint. A statistical analysis indicated that assigning trips by trip types using trip diversion and volume and link restraint produces a significant improvement in the accuracy of the assigned traffic volumes.     

低压EGR冷凝水对压气机叶轮性能和结构破坏的影响研究

在发动机与整车上对低压EGR系统冷凝水的研究表明,压气机前管路中存在的气流裹挟的水珠和沿壁面流动的稀疏水膜对压气机叶轮构成潜在损伤风险,此外压前管路存在积水区,积聚的冷凝水遇冷结冰而被吸入也将对压气机叶轮形成潜在的损伤风险.针对以上情形分别设计试验,结果表明压气机叶轮主要受气流裹挟进入的冷凝水损伤,壁面流形式的冷凝水对叶轮几乎无损伤,在有限次数的极端情况下,压前冷凝水积聚区结冰对叶轮损伤的风险也很小,而叶轮镀层的应用能够显著降低冷凝水对叶轮的损伤,因此设计上应尽量减少随气流裹挟进入压气机的冷凝水.本研究为低压EGR系统设计以及压气机叶轮预防低压EGR系统冷凝水破坏提供了设计参考.     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.     

浅谈工程设计对公路建设投资的影响和相应对策

通过工程设计对公路建设投资影响的分析,阐明了工程设计是影响建设投资的主要因素之一,并通过实例证明了合理选择设计方案和采用技术标准等办法是控制投资的一条有效途径,而合理选择设计方案和技术标准又受到各种因素的影响和限制,对影响合理选择设计方案的原因进行了具体分析,并就此提出了几点相应对策,供同行们参考.     

工程施工项目管理与成本控制方法的探讨

阐述了施工项目管理的内容和特点,项目管理的施工系统,项目成本控制原则,项目成本控制措施,并且分析了项目管理与成本控制之间相辅相成的内在关系,并提出了加强项目管理和成本控制的方法。     

Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

Image Registration Technique for Assessing the Accuracy of Intraoperative Osteotomy for Pelvic Tumors by 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Templates

The study aimed to explore the feasibility of an image registration technique for assessing the accuracy of intraoperative osteotomy of pelvic tumors by 3-dimen...     

CNG发动机工作过程的一维数值模拟

内燃机模拟计算是一种现代化的计算方法,可以减少试验次数及时间,从而节约内燃机开发和研究工作的人力、物力和财力.采用AVL BOO ST软件建立了某CNG发动机的整机模型,宏观上描述整个发动机的热力学过程,通过全负荷下的速度特性试验验证该模型的可靠性.并在此基础上,对影响CNG发动机性能指标的主要参数进行对比分析,提出改进措施.     

基于红外路径识别的智能车控制系统设计

介绍一种基于模拟式红外光电传感器路径识别的智能车控制系统,使用飞思卡尔公司16位单片机MC9S12DG128为核心控制单元,采集红外传感器信号智能分析导引线路径信息,自动控制舵机转向,并对智能车的直流驱动电机实现PID调速控制。     

Global Business Protocol and Etiquette in Negotiation

随着中国加入世界贸易组织和即将到来的2008年奥运会,中国成为了一个崛起的现代化国家。中国将有越来越多的机会与世界各国合作。而商务活动离不开谈判过程,因此我们也将有更多的机会与不同民族国家的人进行贸易谈判。因此,全球商务谈判礼仪也变得尤为重要。本文通过文中引用的例子向人们一一展示了一些基本的谈判技巧和不同国家之间的礼仪差异。读后,你会了解更多关于商务谈判中的礼仪知识。