Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

分段施工PC梁桥线形的分形预测方法

充分考虑到分段施工PC梁桥施工阶段线形变化的非线形,复杂性和随机性,提出一种基于分形理论的节段线形预测方法。采用滚动选取预测样本降低原始误差累计的方法,建立了节段施工线形预测理论模型。将此模型应用于黄河大桥悬臂施工线形预测控制中,按节段施工周期依次预测下一节段的线形指标,结果证实了分段施工PC梁桥线形变化的分形特征,与实测和理论值相比,预测值具有较高的工程精度。     

模糊系统辨识方法在TIG焊过程建模中的应用

运用模糊集合理论，通过系统输入／输出量测值进行相关分析来建立脉冲ＴＩＧ焊动态过程的模糊模型，这是基于模糊关系模型系统辨识方法，并给出了模型精度的测试结果，结果表明，用该方法对ＴＩＧ焊过程建模是有效的。     

长白线引入长春枢纽方案研究

为配合长白线扩能改造引入长春枢纽,结合长春枢纽现状、枢纽总图规划及长春市城市规划,考虑哈大客运专线引入后长春枢纽的客运站布局及分工,研究了长白线西进长春站、经小南站或长春北东进长春站三个方案,经过方案分析比选,推荐了西进长春站方案。     

Hydrographic conditions affecting two fishing grounds of Mallorca island (Western Mediterranean): during the IDEA Project (2003–2004)

This paper describes the hydrographic conditions observed during six surveys carried out during 2003 and 2004, in the framework of the “IDEA Project” (acronym for “Influence of oceanographic structure and dynamics on demersal populations in waters of the Balearic Islands”). The surveys were developed on the shelf and slope of Mallorca Island, in particular in two fishing grounds at the north and south of the Mallorca channel. Periodic movements of the fishing fleet between these two areas have been regularly reported, suggesting a seasonal variability of the resources which could be in turn associated with the hydrodynamic variability. With this motivation, water masses affecting these grounds have been identified and their seasonal variability has been studied. Different oceanographic and environmental conditions have been found between the two fishing grounds. These differences are related to the presence of mesoscale structures, associated with the Western Mediterranean Intermediate Water (WIW) at the north of the Ibiza channel and big gyres detached from the Algerian Current. The former has been shown to have influence on the regional oceanic circulation and the latter could affect the progress of fresh Atlantic Water (AW) towards the channels and make possible the presence of high salinity values at intermediate waters at the south of Mallorca Island. Historical data from other oceanographic cruises carried out in the region are finally used to discuss the interannual variability of these mesoscale structures.     

KZ47-AGO型石碴漏斗车研制

简要介绍了KZ_(47)-AGO型石碴漏斗车的技术参数、主要结构及特点,对车辆强度、车辆动力学性能进行了分析。     

Spatial variability of the barotropic M2 constituent tidal current over the Rías Baixas Galician shelf (NW Spain)

Using current meters and systematically repeated vessel mounted ADCP data legs, we describe the role of the semidiurnal and diurnal constituents in the tidal currents and investigate the mesoscale variability of the M₂ tidal currents field along three cross-shelf legs over the Galician shelf. We found that the estimated values of the semi-major axes of the main semidiurnal tidal constituents are closely related to those obtained in previous research and that the tidal currents are predominantly semidiurnal. Amplitudes of the M₂ and S₂ semi-major axes constituents are comparable, and important fortnightly variability should thus be expected in the amplitude of the semidiurnal tidal currents. Vertical profiles of the semi-major axes of the main tidal constituents reveal that, in the absence of stratification, and far from the bottom frictional effects, the tidal currents are mostly barotropic. Over the slope, the tidal ellipses tilt from a north–south orientation toward the northeast–southwest direction and, as we go further into the shelf, their amplitude is increased, a feature that is reasonably explained by the transition from the dynamics of a Poincaré wave offshore to the dynamics of a northward alongshore propagating Kelvin wave over the shelf. The Ría de Vigo exerts a notable influence over the tidal currents, acting as an extension of the shelf and introducing a meridional variation in the orientation of the ellipses from the alongshore direction in the southern straight coast toward the northeast–southwest direction at the latitude of the Rías. Finally, the spatial fitting methods we tried have proved to be successful in VMADCP data detiding in this region.     

Primary productivity and export fluxes on the Canadian shelf of the Beaufort Sea: A modelling study

We present a coupled sea ice–ocean-biological (including ice algae) model in the Arctic Ocean. The 1D model was developed and implemented on the Canadian Beaufort Sea shelf to examine the importance of different physical processes in controlling the timing and magnitude of primary production and biogenic particle export over an annual cycle (1987). Our results show that the snow and sea ice cover melt and/or break-up controls the timing of the phytoplankton bloom but primary producers (ice algae and phytoplankton) on the outer shelf are essentially nutrient limited. The total annual primary production (22.7 to 27.7 g-C m^? 2) is thus controlled by nutrient “pre-conditioning” in the previous fall and winter and by the depth of wind mixing that is controlled in part by the supply of fresh water at the end of spring (ice melt or runoff). The spring bloom represents about 40% of the total annual primary production and occurs in a period of the year when sampling is often lacking. Time interpolation of observed values to obtain total annual primary production, as done in many studies, was shown to lead to an underestimation of the actual production. Our simulated ratios of export to primary production vary between 0.42 and 0.44.     

细说标点符号及其用法

10破折号的用法 （1）行文中解释说明的语句，用破折号标明。例如：为了全国人民——当然也包括自己在内——的幸福，我们每一个人都要兢兢业业，努力工作。     

宜万铁路隧道无砟轨道的综合接地

因无砟轨道内铺设了大量钢筋,对轨道电路一次参数产生影响,为了减少无砟轨道区段对轨道电路的传输衰耗,轨道结构中的钢筋作绝缘处理,以满足ZPW-2000A轨道电路信息在轨道电路中的传输距离要求,宜万铁路无砟轨道设置综合接地系统,各专业接地系统实现等电位连接,保证无砟轨道隧道结构本身、人员、设备和列车安全运行。通过综合接地系统的实施,宜万铁路无砟轨道ZPW-2000A轨道电路一次参数及道床漏泄电阻测试数据良好,自动闭塞轨道电路正常工作,节约了信号工程投资,降低了信号工程造价。