Primary productivity and export fluxes on the Canadian shelf of the Beaufort Sea: A modelling study

We present a coupled sea ice–ocean-biological (including ice algae) model in the Arctic Ocean. The 1D model was developed and implemented on the Canadian Beaufort Sea shelf to examine the importance of different physical processes in controlling the timing and magnitude of primary production and biogenic particle export over an annual cycle (1987). Our results show that the snow and sea ice cover melt and/or break-up controls the timing of the phytoplankton bloom but primary producers (ice algae and phytoplankton) on the outer shelf are essentially nutrient limited. The total annual primary production (22.7 to 27.7 g-C m^? 2) is thus controlled by nutrient “pre-conditioning” in the previous fall and winter and by the depth of wind mixing that is controlled in part by the supply of fresh water at the end of spring (ice melt or runoff). The spring bloom represents about 40% of the total annual primary production and occurs in a period of the year when sampling is often lacking. Time interpolation of observed values to obtain total annual primary production, as done in many studies, was shown to lead to an underestimation of the actual production. Our simulated ratios of export to primary production vary between 0.42 and 0.44.     

细说标点符号及其用法

10破折号的用法 （1）行文中解释说明的语句，用破折号标明。例如：为了全国人民——当然也包括自己在内——的幸福，我们每一个人都要兢兢业业，努力工作。     

宜万铁路隧道无砟轨道的综合接地

因无砟轨道内铺设了大量钢筋,对轨道电路一次参数产生影响,为了减少无砟轨道区段对轨道电路的传输衰耗,轨道结构中的钢筋作绝缘处理,以满足ZPW-2000A轨道电路信息在轨道电路中的传输距离要求,宜万铁路无砟轨道设置综合接地系统,各专业接地系统实现等电位连接,保证无砟轨道隧道结构本身、人员、设备和列车安全运行。通过综合接地系统的实施,宜万铁路无砟轨道ZPW-2000A轨道电路一次参数及道床漏泄电阻测试数据良好,自动闭塞轨道电路正常工作,节约了信号工程投资,降低了信号工程造价。     

抓斗斗体错位变形的修复

我公司作为年接卸能力达3 300多万t的大型矿石码头,抓斗使用频繁,货运质量对落料要求比较高.但是,由于抓斗斗体错位变形,唇口闭合不严,造成大量的落料、漏料,使得清仓效率下降.笔者针对抓斗普遍出现的错位变形问题进行了详细的分析,并采取了相应措施.     

自平衡法在文明特大桥桩基承载力试验中的应用

结合自平衡法在厦蓉高速公路文明特大桥钻孔灌注桩的承载力试验中的应用,详细阐释了自平衡测桩法的关键技术,总结了自平衡测试技术的施工经验,为同类桥梁的桩基试验提供了有益的借鉴。     

Socio-demographic and built environment influences on the odds of being overweight or obese: The Atlanta experience

This paper explores the association of socio-demographic and built environment characteristics on the odds of being overweight and obese using data from the Atlanta SMARTRAQ travel survey. A new methodological framework based on a multinomial logit (MNL) model and an enhanced odds ratio plot is presented. The use of an MNL model overcomes limitations of many prior studies that employ a sequence of binary logit models to examine multiple weight categories. The use of an enhanced odds ratio plot provides important information into the relative importance of socio-demographic and built environment characteristics. Several new findings for the Atlanta area result from this study. Socio-demographic variables, including age and educational attainment, exhibit a non-linear relationship with the odds of being overweight or obese. Gender, age, ethnicity, and educational attainment are strongly associated with the odds of being overweight or obese, while income and number of students between 5 and 16 years old in the household have smaller effects. Built environment characteristics such as increased net residential densities and enhanced street connectivity are associated with reductions in the odds of being overweight and/or obese. Relative to socio-demographic variables, however, such built environment characteristics have a much smaller impact on describing the odds of being overweight or obese.     

Assessing the CO2 impact of current and future rail track in the UK

This paper investigates the CO₂ impact of current and future UK rail track and estimates the material, process and transport emissions associated with construction, maintenance and end-of-life activities for designs at high and low traffic loads. Analysis shows that for current track configurations, track with concrete sleepers has the lowest CO₂ impact, followed by steel, hardwood and softwood. Several potential future rail track designs have been analysed including embedded rail and double and quadruple-headed rail. All future track designs have a lower impact than current designs, but this improvement is more marked at high traffic loads. Up to a 40% reduction in CO₂ impact could be achieved if the UK rail network was to move from conventional track design to a double-headed embedded rail design. Key levers for reducing the CO₂ impact of track are identified as service life extension, traffic load reduction and the selection of low impact track designs.     

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥移动模架拆除施工技术

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥正桥Ⅰ标段0～022号宽墩铁路简支箱梁采用40 m下行式移动模架施工.介绍该下行式移动模架包括前导梁、前导梁平联、后导梁、底模及主梁等的拆除施工方法.     

决策树法在施工合同管理中的应用

决策树法是投标决策阶段常用的一种定量分析方法，但在施工阶段应用较少，此文介绍它的操作原理，并举例阐述在项目实施阶段合同管理方面的应用。