Range profile target recognition using sparse representation based on feature space

A novel method is presented to improve the recognition rate of warhead in this paper. Firstly, a tool for electromagnetic calculation, like CST Microwave Studio, is used to simulate the frequency response of the electromagnetic scattering. Secondly, the echo and further the range profile are acquired from the frequency response by further processing. Thirdly, a set of discriminative features is extracted from the range profiles of the target. Fourthly, these features are used to construct a dictionary for the sparse representation classifier. Finally, the sample of the target can be classified by solving the sparsest coefficients. Since the reconstruction result is determined by a linear combination of the training samples, this method has a good robustness for the variable features. By formulating the problem within a feature-based sparse representation framework, the presented method combines the discriminative features of each sample during the sparse recovery process rather than in a postprocessing manner. Moreover, based on the feature representation space rather than a single feature or image pixel, the constructed dictionary exhibits both strong expressive and discriminative powers that can enhance the classification performance of the test sample. A series of test results based on the simulated data demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.     

公路项目对旅游业效益贡献评价

根据公路项目与旅游业发展特性,建立公路项目对旅游业效益贡献的评价指标体系,其可作为公路项目对旅游业效益贡献的评价依据。     

装配式简支空心板梁纵向裂缝分析

根据我国公路桥涵设计规范规定的温差分布和实际情况假定的温度场,利用ANSYS软件对简支空心板梁桥进行温差应力计算分析,计算结果表明温度应力在整个桥梁设计中占有很大的比重,且横向温差应力是腹板产生纵向裂缝的主要原因.     

基于TAIO变异的CTCS-3列控系统测试案例生成方法

为了研究高覆盖已知故障集的中国列车运行控制系统三级（CTCS-3）测试案例生成方法,提出了一种基于输入输出时间自动机（TAIO）变异分析的测试案例生成方法. 结合列控系统模式转换的故障特点,设计了包含模式转换已知故障的8种变异算子（改变行为、改变目标位置、改变源位置等）,形成了15 106个变异体;利用输入输出一致性关系（tioco）和k-Bounded模型检验方法生成了10 843个测试案例;应用一致性关系分数（CRS）、平均一致性关系分数（ACRS）和加权一致性关系分数（WCRS）进行了故障覆盖度的分析. 研究结果表明:该方法设计和生成的测试案例能够有效覆盖改变行为、改变不变量和增加sink位置3种故障模式,而对于约束取反和复位取反的故障模式覆盖度不高,需通过额外的观测信息来检测故障.      

基于日变交通配流的城市道路网络韧性评估

为有效评价重大扰动事件下的路网性能,提出以日变交通配流(day-to-day traffic assignment,DTA)为基础的城市道路网络韧性评估模型.明确考虑重大扰动事件下交通流动态变化特性,构建了综合考虑出行者认知更新、行为惯性等因素影响的DTA模型,设计了启发式求解算法;定义了基于DTA的路网可达性指标,构建了可全面评价扰动事件生命周期内系统性能的韧性指标与评估模型,并在Nguyen&Dupuis网络上进行算例研究.结果表明:在扰动事件后的前10天,路网韧性波动变化,此后随着交通流分布趋于稳定,路网韧性单调上升,从第10天的0.323上升到第50天的0.794,上升了145.77%;与传统随机用户均衡(stochastic user equilibrium,SUE)模型相比,DTA模型获得的路网可达性与韧性指标存在显著差异,SUE模型下路网可达性随时间单调上升,而DTA模型下路网可达性在前15天剧烈波动,随后才单调增加,表明要获得准确的路网韧性指标,必须首先准确假定出行决策行为和相应配流模型;出行者行为惯性、路段通行能力退化程度与恢复速率以及路网拥挤程度等因素均对交...     

不同冷冻方法对兔颈总动脉形态结构及活性的影响

目的玻璃化法和慢速冷冻法深低温保存兔颈总动脉,比较两种保存方法对血管活性及形态结构的影响。方法无菌条件下切取兔颈总动脉,采用玻璃化法和慢速冷冻法在-196℃液氮中深低温保存2周,37℃水浴复温。新鲜血管作为对照,分别观察血管的大体、组织学、超微结构;同时对冷冻复温的血管采用组织块法培养并鉴定细胞,通过细胞计数描述细胞生长曲线,观察培养后血管的活性、细胞的再生及增殖能力。结果玻璃化组和慢速冷冻组动脉出现部分内皮细胞脱落,平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞轻度肿胀、变性,前者损伤程度轻于后者。体外培养两组动脉的细胞分别于第6、7天自组织块内长出,细胞形态结构、生物学特性与新鲜组相似。生长曲线显示玻璃化组细胞的生长增殖状态优于慢速冷冻组,两组均差于新鲜动脉。将培养后的细胞分别进行免疫组织化学染色,经鉴定为平滑肌细胞。结论玻璃化法能较好地保持血管的形态结构和组织活性,保存效果优于慢速冷冻法。     

The market for ship demolition

Little has been written about the ship demolition market, an essential element in the supply/demand balance for shipping. Either technical or economic obsolescence may be the cause for scrapping a ship, where the latter is strongly influenced not only by anticipated freight market levels, but the rate at which more efficient ships are being introduced. The scrap value of a ship is a function both of the realizable value of the materials within the ship and cost of demolition. Both are strongly influenced by the cost structures prevailing in the likely country of demolition. The paper explores not only the fundamentals of the ship demolition market, but the trends from the 1960s to the present. The shipbreaking market has moved in that time from being West European-centred to Asian-centred, concentrating for some years in Taiwan, but now shifting to the Indian subcontinent.     

Review on characterization of nano-particle emissions and PM morphology from internal combustion engines: Part 2

This paper presents a review of the characterization of physical properties, morphology, and nanostructure of particulate emissions from internal combustion engines. Because of their convenience and readiness of measurement, various on-line commercial instruments have been used to measure the mass, number, and size distribution of nano-particles from different engines. However, these on-line commercial instruments have inherent limitations in detailed analysis of chemical and physical properties, morphology, and nanostructure of engine soot agglomerates, information that is necessary to understand the soot formation process in engine combustion, soot particle behavior in after-treatment systems, and health impacts of the nano-particles. For these reasons, several measurement techniques used in the carbon research field, i.e., highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, were used for analysis of engine particulate matter (PM). This review covers a brief introduction of several measurement techniques and previous results from engine nano-particle characterization studies using those techniques.