冲绳城市单轨运输系统

简要介绍了冲绳城市单轨运输系统的设施和车辆概况.     

Total oil spill costs and compensations

Although counteracting environmental programmes and policies have been strengthened, large oil spills still occur at irregular intervals. The total oil spill costs and their compensations have attracted much interest from various parties, such as local stakeholders, and state and federal governments. This paper addresses five major cost categories whose aggregations are expected to cover the overall direct and indirect costs after the release of an oil spill. Among them, research costs should not be neglected, since they tend to be high if public attention has been drawn to the case. Through an examination of the relationship between the total oil spill costs and their admissible claims, we found that:

1. admissible claims do not cover the overall costs of the oil spill, and
2. admissible claims cannot be compensated in full in the case of large spills.

Clearly, a sound oil spill contingency management aims to minimize both the environmental impacts of areas most at risk and the total oil spill costs. In this paper an economic model for measuring environmental damages following an oil spill is addressed and applied to the Prestige case which happened to be the worst oil pollution in the history of Spain. The model indicates how an ideally a priori economic evaluation may intuitively help managers to make informed as well as fast decisions in contingency cases.     

深基坑支护施工初探

1前言 为减少铁路运输运能损失,顶进施工法因其诸多优点被大量运用到既有线增建箱形桥的工程中.准备工作坑是其法施工中必不可少的工序,而在市区项目中因受地貌控制,箱形桥预制工作坑往往都成深基坑形式,支护自然成为施工保安全和进度的重要环节,应对经济有效地基坑支护方法进行研究.本文就杭州市望江路下穿铁路箱形桥工程的基坑支护施工方法作一粗浅探讨.     

西班牙Velaro E高速列车的电气设备

西班牙铁路(RENFE)从2004年起将获得16组Velare E电动车组.这些电动车组是按欧洲铁路通用性规定设计的目前世界上最现代的高速列组.在最大坡道为25‰和海拔高1 200 m的线路上列车要以350 km/h高速运行,对其电气设备提出了很高要求.文章详细介绍了设计和实现这些电气系统及部件时必须重视和满足的要求.     

沥青路面产生不平整的原因及处理措施初探

分析了路面不平整产生的原因,并提出采取相应对策措施.     

莆田显惠侯神灵及其对船员的保护

著名的莆田祥应庙前身是当地白杜方氏家族专用的祠堂.庙里供奉的神灵显惠侯,当地的百姓把他视为农业生产及生命财产的保护神,同时,他也是航海者信奉的神灵.本文作者以周尾和朱纺这两人出海之前均到该庙膜拜的典型事例,分析指出上述二人的出海经商与白杜方氏家族存在着直接关系,可能是受雇于当时既从事农业又涉猎海上贸易的白杜方氏家族,因此宋时显惠侯只是一个地方性的神灵,只对某一部分人提供某些特定的庇护,并不具有普遍意义.     

电子全站仪测距部性能的综合测试方法

目前，国内外对电子全站仪的科学、合理检测问题存在着各种各样的认识，争论的焦点在于电子全站仪测距部的检测。长期以来，人们一直认为电子全站仪测距部存在加常数误差、乘常数误差、周期误差。笔者及研究组的检测实践证明，电子全站仪测距部的乘常数误差、周期误差是不存在的，测距数据的挠动是有其深层次原因的。基于检测实践，笔者及研究组提出了电子全站仪测距部性能的综合测试方法，简述了综合测试方法的原理、工作过程。     

舰载信息系统软件安全

软件安全是舰载信息系统设计、开发、使用、维护中需要考虑的重要问题,从舰载信息系统安全体系出发,讨论软件安全威胁和软件安全阶段的划分,提供一些有效的软件安全措施。     

Patterns in diversity and community structure of epipelagic copepods from the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence area, south-western Atlantic

Diversity and structure of epipelagic copepod communities were investigated using 70 zooplankton samples collected from the top 50 m of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence area between 35° and 55°S. Biogeographic patterns were investigated using multivariate analysis. Biodiversity patterns were examined using different univariate indexes. Representatives of 35 species of copepods from 23 genera and 13 families were found. Two zones were delimited based on their copepod composition, one in the subtropical waters of the Brazil current, and the other in the subantarctic waters of the Malvinas current. Both environments displayed contrasting patterns of biodiversity depending upon which element is measured (regional species richness as well as mean point species richness were significantly higher in the subtropical group of stations, whereas taxonomic distinctness was significantly higher in the subantarctic community). Based on these contrasting results, we suggest the use of both kind of indexes when defining priority areas for conservation.     

封具的技术条件已经被ISO列入重要日程

封具(Seal)的应用历史悠久。在推行集装箱的先进运输手段之后,对封具的推广和应用又进入了一个新的历史时期。由于早期所使用的封具结构简单而且单薄,任何人可以随时随地用非常简单的破坏手段使其失效,因而只能当作一种“象征性”的权宜之计。尽管后来人们又对它辅之比较严格的管理手段,使其在被破坏之后极易被察觉或者是发出声光警报,但终究难以抗拒暴力者明目张胆的恶劣行径。