首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   12978篇
  免费   212篇
公路运输   2984篇
综合类   1979篇
水路运输   3873篇
铁路运输   1799篇
综合运输   2555篇
  2023年   47篇
  2022年   181篇
  2021年   190篇
  2020年   155篇
  2019年   112篇
  2018年   237篇
  2017年   151篇
  2016年   207篇
  2015年   218篇
  2014年   431篇
  2013年   1474篇
  2012年   699篇
  2011年   792篇
  2010年   698篇
  2009年   795篇
  2008年   724篇
  2007年   789篇
  2006年   797篇
  2005年   592篇
  2004年   383篇
  2003年   250篇
  2002年   193篇
  2001年   236篇
  2000年   209篇
  1999年   135篇
  1998年   174篇
  1997年   142篇
  1996年   175篇
  1995年   160篇
  1994年   96篇
  1993年   201篇
  1992年   172篇
  1991年   89篇
  1990年   94篇
  1989年   68篇
  1988年   84篇
  1987年   65篇
  1986年   59篇
  1985年   79篇
  1984年   73篇
  1983年   73篇
  1982年   73篇
  1981年   95篇
  1980年   68篇
  1979年   91篇
  1978年   56篇
  1977年   69篇
  1976年   53篇
  1975年   65篇
  1974年   50篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
991.
In real world applications the supply, the demand and the transportation cost per unit of the quantities in a transportation problem are hardly specified precisely because of the changing economic and environmental conditions. It is also important that the time required for transportation should be minimum. In this paper a method has been proposed for the minimization of transportation cost as well as time of transportation when the demand, supply and transportation cost per unit of the quantities are fuzzy. The problem is modeled as multi objective linear programming problem with imprecise parameters. Fuzzy parametric programming has been used to handle impreciseness and the resulting multi objective problem has been solved by prioritized goal programming approach. A case study has been made using the proposed approach.  相似文献   
992.
Different methods for predicting levels of roadside NO2 from NOx concentrations have been proposed. Prior work suggests that either a linear or a logarithmic relationship exists among the roadside NO2 and NOx concentrations. We modify and compare those methods with new formulations based on the principles of the original methods for datasets pertaining to Dublin. A new relationship based on the power law is developed to better model the decay of the ratio of (NO2/NOx)road ratio with increasing NOx concentration. These formulations are compared and examined at two study sites: at an intermittently congested urban street canyon and a free-flowing motorway.  相似文献   
993.
Abstract

Section 8(g) was added to the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) in 1978. It mandated sharing of the revenues from tracts that included oil and gas pools underlying the federal‐state boundary 3 miles offshore. Revenues were to be split based on agreements negotiated by the secretary of Interior and the relevant coastal state governor or “fair and equitable”; divisions made by the federal district courts. Only one agreement was concluded. Texas and Louisiana sued to force distribution of their shares of $6.1 billion in 8(g) funds held in escrow. In 1986 Congress divided the escrowed 8(g) revenues approximately 27 percent to the adjacent states and 73 percent to the federal government and legislated the same split for all future 8(g) revenues. This article examines the complex issues that section 8(g), as amended, raises for the management of federal and state submerged lands. Cooperative federal‐state approaches to implementing amended section 8(g) are reviewed. Section 8(g)'s broader implications as the only federal‐state ocean resource, revenue‐sharing mechanism currently in place also are addressed.  相似文献   
994.
The new Dutch shipping policy has given rise to high expectation and curiosity in the world of shipping. This, together with the obvious difficulties of an ex-post study of the effectiveness of such innovative policy, has prompted the authors to take an interest in attempting to investigate changes in ownership of the Dutch fleet 2 years after the new policy has been introduced. To do this, a rather new concept of ‘flagging out’ has been adopted, which is interpreted as a process leading to different degrees of ‘foreignness’ in a shipping operation. In this paper, a method to structure is presented, and ownership information, and changes in it are presented, that are essentially based on the theory of stochastic processes. The data used is the Dutch fleet data, which includes information on the nationality of the flag, parent ownership and management over the period 1994–1998. The results yield interesting insights in the shifts in the ownership and operational structure of shipping companies induced by the new policy. In particular, they allow one to establish the origin of new vessels, in which stage of ownership/operation it is most likely that shifts occur, and to determine the relationship between the different stages of the ‘flagging out’ process. These results, thus, enable an evaluation of the areas in which the policy can be expected to yield results.  相似文献   
995.
为分析汽车内、外开手柄塑料材料的应用情况,在内、外开手柄总成结构的基础上,对比分析手柄材料的材质、成型工艺与表面处理方式的差异及技术要求,并提出相应的发展对策。发现汽车手柄基体常选用高强度、高刚性材料,主要采用注塑成型工艺生产,外开手柄表面常采用喷漆工艺,内开手柄表面常采用电镀工艺,手柄底座常选用高刚性、力学性能显著的材料,其材料均要满足功能性试验、性能与法规要求,可为汽车内、外开手柄材料的技术开发提供材质选择、工艺处理、技术要求等方面的参考。  相似文献   
996.
This paper documents a fuzzy-logic-based incident detection algorithm for signalized urban diamond interchanges. The model is capable of detecting lane-blocking incidents whose effects are manifested by patterns of deterioration in traffic conditions that require adjustments in signal control strategies. As a component of a real-time traffic adaptive control system for signalized diamond interchanges, the algorithm feeds an incident report (i.e., the time, location, and severity of the incident) to the system's optimization manager, which uses that information to determine the appropriate signal control strategy.The performance of the model was studied using a simulation of an actual diamond interchange. The simulation study evaluated the model's performance in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and mean time to detect. The model's performance was encouraging, and the fuzzy-logic-based approach is considered promising.  相似文献   
997.
This paper investigates the CO2 impact of current and future UK rail track and estimates the material, process and transport emissions associated with construction, maintenance and end-of-life activities for designs at high and low traffic loads. Analysis shows that for current track configurations, track with concrete sleepers has the lowest CO2 impact, followed by steel, hardwood and softwood. Several potential future rail track designs have been analysed including embedded rail and double and quadruple-headed rail. All future track designs have a lower impact than current designs, but this improvement is more marked at high traffic loads. Up to a 40% reduction in CO2 impact could be achieved if the UK rail network was to move from conventional track design to a double-headed embedded rail design. Key levers for reducing the CO2 impact of track are identified as service life extension, traffic load reduction and the selection of low impact track designs.  相似文献   
998.
姜舟 《交通标准化》2010,(13):30-34
通过对快速路型式及适用范围进行深入阐述,并结合国内案例,分析盐城市快速路型式的设计思路和方案,对于其他快速路型式的选择具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   
999.
This paper presents an integrated model system for mobility maximization based on a quantified specification of environmental capacity, and evaluates policy interaction and effectiveness by simulating a number of policy scenarios. The system is designed to specify the maximum level of car ownership and number of trips by private and public modes subject to an environmental capacity constraint defined as the frontier emission under maximum system efficiency. Four types of hypothetical policies (population change, urban sprawl, land-use pattern and network improvement) are designed and the effects of 13 policy scenarios are simulated using data of Dalian City, China. Results reveal that the integrated model system reacts sensitively to policy interventions. The urban sprawl reflected in a changing residential distribution from central to suburban areas is most instrumental from the perspective of pollution alleviation. If the goal is to simultaneously reduce emissions while accommodating mobility, two combinational policy scenarios outperform all others.  相似文献   
1000.
Highway agencies around the world strive to improve practices for infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation, using project delivery policies that range from total ‘in-house’ responsibility to complete privatization, with a number of flexible contracting policies such as performance-based contracting, variants of design-build-maintain, and lane rentals among others between these two extremes. In this paper, we present a methodology that duly accounts for underlying spatial effects and estimates the expected cost savings of innovative contracting policies for highway maintenance and rehabilitation relative to in-house execution of these activities. Spatial econometric modeling is used to analyze highway contract data from 49 countries. We also investigate the marginal effects of key explanatory variables on contract cost savings using spatial multipliers. Our findings show that there are significant relationships between cost savings and contract characteristics, and that there is an apparent direct relationship between the average cost savings of contracts in a country and contract average cost savings and contract sizes in neighboring countries.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号