基于潜在类别-Logit模型的共享自动驾驶汽车使用意向

自动驾驶技术和共享经济融合产生的共享自动驾驶汽车(SAV)可为人们提供优质的出行服务.为探究出行者选择SAV的行为特性,对受访者的社会经济属性、历史出行特性、行为态度特征进行调查,并采用正交试验设计出行方式选择意向调查问卷,收集到311份有效数据.为充分考虑个体异质性,利用潜在类别分析探究SAV使用者的潜在类别,并将所...     

基于小客车燃油核算模型的政策节能效果分析

近年来,快速增长的私人小客车带来的能耗排放问题日益严重,如何构建面向私人小客车的燃油核算模型,分析不同需求管理政策的宏观节能效果,是解决城市交通节能减排问题的关键.本文针对传统私人小客车能耗调查方式所获得数据准确性较差、无法满足精细化管理的问题,利用现有调查数据和监测数据,基于“OLS(Ordinary Least Square) +稳健标准差” 验证法,分析油耗显著性影响因素,提出基于交通大数据的私人小客车能耗核算模型,以实测数据验证其可靠性和有效性,并分析了不同交通需求管理政策(含组合政策)宏观节能效果.结果表明,当政策效果指标变化率相同时,实行“拥堵收费+控制大排量小客车数量”政策对于减少小客车燃油消耗总量的效果最为明显.     

公共交通双源无轨电车电源系统承载能力计算方法

面向公共交通双源无轨电车运行规划,针对其电源系统承载能力评估问题,从线网电源与车载储能电源两方面入手,分析影响电源系统供电能力的约束条件.首先,建立典型拓扑下线网电源供电能力计算模型,同时基于数据统计及最小二乘参数辨识方法,确立计及多车行驶工况的双源无轨电车功率需求模型,提出以可行驶车辆数为指标的线网电源系统承载能力计算方法.然后,建立车载储能电源承载能力计算模型,提出以脱线比为核心指标的车载储能电源系统承载能力计算方法.最后,基于北京市双源无轨电车运行数据进行实例分析,计算结果与仿真的对比验证了模型的准确性,计算方法能够为双源无轨电车运行规划提供依据.     

热处理对增材制造贝氏体钢组织及性能的影响

针对金属电弧增材制造过程热循环在线控制困难,导致成形组织不均、力学性能低下的问题,以辙叉用贝氏体钢为成形材料,研究了不同整体后热处理工艺对其电弧增材制造试样组织及性能的影响,并对热处理工艺进行了优化.研究结果表明:去应力退火后的电弧增材制造试样力学性能较差,且存在各向异性,经290 ℃等温淬火与280 ℃回火处理后,试样微观组织由回火索氏体转变为下贝氏体+回火马氏体,抗拉强度提升39%,屈服强度提升61%,断后延伸率提升29%,冲击韧性提升17%,硬度提升20%,且各向异性特征大大缓解,材料组织趋于均匀.      

基于改进FUKF的燃气轮机性能退化诊断

针对燃气轮机使用过程中由于工作状态突变导致轮机性能估计困难的问题,提出基于残差相似性的渐消无迹卡尔曼滤波（fading unscented Kalman filter with residual similarity,FUKF-RS）算法,实现燃气轮机健康参数的估计.首先,在普通渐消无迹卡尔曼滤波（fading unscented Kalman filter,FUKF）框架下,构造燃气轮机健康参数估值算法,在测量值估计更新过程中,乘以渐消因子来调节前后时刻的权重,通过强制残差正交来估计渐消因子;然后,利用前后估值时刻残差向量的余弦值表征残差阵的相似度,根据其相似度的大小关系确定残差阵的比例;最后,用该比例值代替算法中的遗忘因子,计算残差阵,实现求解的量化取值.研究结果表明:在燃气轮机状态突变条件下,FUKF-RS算法具有突变状态跟踪能力,参数估值精度比FUKF算法提高了3%左右,普通UKF（unscented Kalman filter,UKF）则不具突变状态跟踪能力;在部件性能缓慢变化时,参数的估计曲线比普通FUKF更平滑,估计精度提高了2%左右.      

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Multi-Band Hybrid Mobile Phone Antenna Based on Electromagnetic Coupling

This research presents a multi-band hybrid mobile phone antenna based on electromagnetic coupling,which can be applied to mobile handheld devices, occupying a small board space of 39.7 mm × 15.6 mm on the system circuit board. By adding resonant and coupled branch instead of multi-feed on the traditional bent antenna,this design provides four wide operating bands of 0.772—0.998 GHz, 1.540—1.600 GHz, 1.680—2.270 GHz and2.300—2.690 GHz with the hybrid feature of planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA), L-shape, U-shape and S-shape structures, which cover nine-band, i.e., GSM850, GSM900, GPS1575, DCS1800, PCS1900, IMT200, LTE2300,LTE2600 and Blue Tooth/Wi-Fi. Ansoft software HFSS is used in this research to make the antenna performance better and the operating principle of the proposed antenna is described in detail. Result of simulation reveals that the maximum gains of these four wide bands are 2.20,-0.99, 4.01 and 4.05 dBi, respectively. Moreover, this research also tests the return loss(S11) of the fabricated antenna with the vector network analyzer and the result is in accordance with the simulation result on the whole. There are four wide resonant frequencies which cover nine-band of wireless wide area network(WWAN), wireless local area network(WLAN) and long term evolution(LTE), when the available bandwidth is better than 6 d Bi return loss.     

基于物联网技术的地铁机电设备全寿命周期管理系统

地铁运营设备种类繁多,其中机电设备在设备管理中占据重要的地位。而物联网技术的发展实现了多领域、多模块、多方向的信息互联共享,面对各个维度数据交融建立合理的分析管理平台是今后智慧城市智慧地铁的发展趋势。基于郑州地铁运营的设备管理体系,拓展全景信息支撑平台、状态监视、在线预警、智能诊断、状态评价、风险预测、检修决策以及绩效评估等方向。搭建地铁机电设备的大数据管理系统框架,通过现有的数据构成利用机器学习算法有效地进行数据挖掘。同时针对全生命周期成本分析、运维检修决策、风险量化评估3个方向进行算法模型分析,从而获取地铁机电设备的相关潜在规律,为决策层提供更多有价值的信息。     

路面结冰监测技术研究进展

路面结冰显著降低了路面抗滑能力,极易诱发交通事故.路面结冰自动监测和及时预警对于保障行车安全具有重要意义.结冰监测技术主要依靠各种类型的结冰传感器实现结冰的感知和预报.目前结冰传感器主要有光纤式、电学式、机械式、红外式等不同类型.对各种结冰监测技术进行了总结,并探讨了这些技术在道路工程中应用的可行性.     

汽车推力杆的相位摩擦焊接工艺研究

介绍了相位摩擦焊的焊接原理、焊接工艺和焊接过程,采用相位摩擦焊接工艺试制了汽车推力杆,并进行了焊接性能试验。试验表明,采用相位摩擦焊接工艺生产的推力杆,其各项性能均达到产品技术要求,相位摩擦焊接工艺具有生产效率高、焊接性能稳定、产品质量一致性好、制造成本低等特点。