Building Philippine Local Government Capacity for Coastal Resource Management

The responsibility for managing coral reefs and other coastal resources was largely devolved to coastal municipalities and cities in the Philippines in 1991 with the passage of the Local Government Code. Devolution of powers and responsibilities to local government has paved the way for mainstreaming coastal resource management at the local level. However, the capacity to carry out this mandate has only recently begun to mature as municipalities and cities gain an increased awareness of the importance of coastal resources to communities and economic development. Approaches and strategies to increase local government capacity for coastal resource management are described based on the experiences of the Coastal Resource Management Project of the United States Agency for International Development. Qualitative and quantitative data are used to illustrate the possible impact of these capacity building efforts and to describe the current capacity of local government to undertake coastal resource management. After five years of project implementation, coastal municipalities have increased technical capacity, have allotted financial resources, and have achieved key performance benchmarks in the delivery of coastal resource management as a basic service.     

The dredging dilemma: Economic development and environmental protection in Oakland Harbor

Abstract

Seaport expansion often generates tensions between the national interest in efficient transport and local interests in water quality and habitat preservation. The governing American permitting system, however, establishes an extraordinarily cumbersome, legalistic, and costly method for balancing environmental and economic considerations. A case study of the Port of Oakland illustrates the tendency. For four years, plans to find an environmentally acceptable site for dredged material have been stymied by a sequence of inconclusive regulatory and judicial proceedings. Meanwhile, large container ships can enter and leave Oakland harbor only at high tide, and not fully loaded. Despite the absence of any authoritative determination concerning environmental risks, the port was compelled to accede to progressively more expensive disposal methods. Such “adversarial legalism”; is not unique to the Oakland harbor case, but recurs in other policy spheres. It stems from a governmental structure that fragments decision‐making power among many agencies, that constrains regulatory discretion with legal demands for scientific certainty, and that by allowing agency decisions to be challenged readily in court, encourages legalistic defensiveness and extortion rather than compromise. The article concludes with a discussion of the conditions under which regional planning bodies might overcome these centrifugal tendencies.     

In-car power line communications: Advanced transmission techniques

The increasing number of electronic control units (ECUs) inside a vehicle implies the need to develop and deploy on board robust, low latency and low complex telecommunication systems. In this respect, power line communications (PLC) is an attractive solution. The benefits provided by the introduction of power line communications in the in-car environment are multiple and they are related to the possibility of exploiting the existing and capillary wiring infrastructure to simplify the design of the in-vehicle data network (IVN) and, more importantly, to save weight and cost of the wiring harness. In this paper, we deal with the analysis of the performance achievable by applying innovative advanced modulation techniques to in-car measured power line channels, i.e., multicarrier (MC) and impulsive ultra wideband (I-UWB) modulation. We show that for low speed command and control applications, I-UWB is suitable since it requires lower power and lower computational efforts w.r.t. MC systems. Furthermore, we study the design of the optimal transmitted pulse to further improve the performance of I-UWB.     

Effect of rear slant angle on vehicle crosswind stability simulation on a simplified car model

It is important to know the effect of the aerodynamic forces and moments on driving stability because it is responsible for the excitation and influences the response of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of rear slant angle of a surface vehicle on crosswind sensitivity for stability analysis. The vehicle mathematical model used to conduct a dynamic simulation was based on a simple reduced order lateral dynamics of sideslip and yaw rate motion coupled with aerodynamics model. The intention here is to compare the effect of rear slant angles response to crosswind and to rank the crosswind sensitivity ratings. The aerodynamic loads are defined as the function of the aerodynamic derivatives from the static wind tunnel tests. Result shows a 20° rear slant angle demonstrates the highest rating of crosswind sensitivity, while zero degree slant exhibits the least.     

公路斜弯坡桥施工坐标高程计算

介绍公路施工中斜弯坡桥坐标高程计算的主要内容,提出了一种综合利用多种软件优势计算桥梁坐标高程的方法:用道路三维坐标软件计算主轴线坐标,再用EXCEL进行辅助计算、CAD进行校核。并用两个工程实例说明该方法的计算过程和注意事项。     

深大基坑无线自动化监测系统的开发应用

深大基坑无线监测系统为基坑监测提供实时、精确、连续的数据,预测基坑变形趋势,为基坑安全顺利施工提供保障。该系统由自动监测传感器、无线数据采集器、中继器、基站和用户服务平台组成。选择适用于深大基坑变形、受力和地下水位监测的传感器,并开发与传感器数字信号接口相匹配的自组网通信模块,采用基于IEEE(电气和电子工程师协会)批准通过的802.15.4无线标准的Zig Bee(低功耗局域网协议)无线传输技术。用户服务平台采用SOA(面向服务的体系结构)架构,基于J2EE平台和B/S(浏览器/服务器)多层体系架构,分为展示层、应用层、平台层、数据层和数据接口层。应用服务平台提供基坑模型管理、数据分析处理、安全评估、预警反馈、曲线及报表输出和综合管理等应用功能。     

破碎围岩中连拱隧道荷载计算理论解

针对连拱隧道围岩、结构整体受力和受力敏感分析不明确的问题,提出按岩体结构观点对连拱隧道围岩进行分类,即分成连续介质围岩、碎裂介质围岩、块裂介质围岩和板裂介质围岩。将碎裂介质围岩、块裂介质围岩和板裂介质围岩称为破碎围岩。建立破碎围岩的力学模型,求破碎围岩中连拱隧道荷载的理论解。     

轻型双柱墩桥振动试验研究

结合轻型墩横向刚度合理值研究 ,对某典型的轻型双柱墩桥进行全面综合的动力试验 ,分析研究该桥的动力特性、墩梁体系横向振动、支座对桥梁横向振动的影响及列车通过该桥的抗脱轨安全性 ;综合评估轻型双柱墩桥的横向动力性能。     

德国既有线提速的关键技术及启示

介绍德国既有线提速的目标值、原则 ,以及线路主要技术标准与参数 ,并结合我国路情与有关技术规范 ,对我国既有线提速提出建议。     

地铁车辆段出入线接轨方案探讨

介绍地铁车辆段出入段线的一般配线形式．针对近年来强调在车辆段出入线与正线接轨处应设置安全线问题,提出不同的看法。对照《地铁设计规范》中安全线的设置条件,认为在车辆段出入线与正线接轨点处不需要设置安全线。分析近年来新推出的车辆段出入线接轨方案存在的问题,提出2个优化设计方案,并以上海地铁1号线梅陇车辆段出入线方案进行类比,证明没有安全线列车运行的安全是可以保证的。结果表明,该优化设计方案具有车站长度短、可大幅度降低工程造价、行车安全、调度灵活等优点。