Much of the literature in recent years has examined the vulnerability of transportation networks. To identify appropriate and operational measures of nodal centrality using connectivity in the case of heavy rail systems, this paper presents a set of comprehensive measures in the form of a Degree of Nodal Connection (DNC) index. The DNC index facilitates a reevaluation of nodal criticality among distinct types of transfer stations in heavy rail networks that present a number of multiple lines between stations. Specifically, a new classification of transfer stations—mandatory transfer, non-mandatory transfer, and end transfer—and a new measure for linkages—link degree and total link degree—introduces the characteristics of heavy rail networks when we accurately expose the vulnerability of a node. The concept of partial node failure is also introduced and compare the results of complete node failure scenarios. Four local and global indicators of network vulnerability are derived from the DNC index to assess the vulnerability of major heavy rail networks in the United States. Results indicate that the proposed DNC indexes can inform decision makers or network planners as they explore and compare the resilience of multi-hubs and multi-line networks in a comprehensive but accurate manner regardless of their network sizes.
针对高原环境中驾驶人风格、生理变化与危险路段特征之间的潜在关联,提出一种基于驾驶状态的危险路段识别方法,辨识和分析不同风格驾驶人具有潜在风险的路段,并提出优化方案。首先,通过实车实验采集驾驶人行为及生理指标数据,使用DBSCAN(Density Based Spatial
Clustering of Applications with Noise)得出驾驶风格类型,并依据行为特征对驾驶风格进行差异性
分析;其次,采用卷积神经网络、双向长短时记忆神经网络与注意力机制搭建危险状态识别模型,通过GPS(Global Positioning System)点位对应实现危险路段辨识,并基于驾驶风格差异,从驾驶人感知、操纵与生理角度对危险路段进行致因分析;最后,将生理与道路线形作为优化参考,以车速建议为着力点进行多元回归分析,并按照生理舒适域确定车速建议区间。结果表明:驾驶人根据行为特点分为谨慎、稳健和激进型,3类驾驶人在上行和下行途中的危险路段多为具有弯坡特征的组合型路段;海拔提升可加速危险驾驶状态的出现,各类驾驶人在上行时的紧张状态多源于弯坡组合值和转角值的增长,激进型驾驶人在坡度大于6%的直纵坡路段时亦会开始高度紧张;下行时,谨慎与激进型驾驶人在直纵坡坡度大于3%时易出现危险状态,激进型驾驶人在转角值大于80°且弯坡组合值大于50时亦存在驾驶风险。研究成果可满足高原公路人因事故预防的需求,为线形设计与交通管理措施制定提供理论依据。 相似文献
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