城市步行系统评价体系研究及广州实例

在经历了机动化的迅猛发展给城市带来交通拥堵和环境污染等问题后,越来越多的城市为宜居性和环境可持续发展着想,主张打造步行友好的城市交通体系,全球主要城市相继推出"街道设计导则",从微观尺度指引街道空间重构。城市建成区既有步行系统的改善需要对既有步行网络设施进行全面客观的认识和评价,以发现问题并有针对性地改善步行空间。鉴于此,本文从步行者的主观感受和实际需求出发,提出了"连续、安全、便捷、舒适"四个维度共13个二级指标的评价体系,用于评价城市和街区尺度的步行系统,并以广州旧城区步行系统为例进行了评价,为重新认识广州旧城区步行系统现状提供了基础,也为今后步行系统改善的评价工作提供了借鉴。     

基于改进Canny算法的道路标线自动识别及定位

在自动化道路病害检测过程中,检测车的横向偏移会导致路面病害横向定位的误差,通过边缘检测算法对标线进行自动识别及定位,可消除病害横向定位的误差. 但传统Canny边缘检测算法存在对标线边缘识别不全,噪声、伪边缘较多的问题. 因此本文对Canny算法进行改进:采用维纳滤波替代高斯滤波以滤除噪声;利用OTSU法自适应地选取图像阈值;提出划定准偏区域以滤除路面干扰并提高边缘完整识别率. 研究结果表明:与其他边缘检测算法相比,该算法检测出的边缘像素总数分布在900～2 000,与标准值1 352较为符合,8连通域数与边缘像素总数、4连通域数的比值分别分布在0～0.04和0～0.29,在抑制噪声、剔除伪边缘及路面干扰、边缘识别连续性和单一边缘响应方面实际应用效果较好;人工法验证结果表明该算法定位标线结果与实际值的吻合度高达99%,可在同步采集的3D激光图像上进行路面病害横向定位.      

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Simulation Study on Multi-Rate Time-Frequency Analysis of Non-Stationary Signals

A new time-frequency analysis method is proposed in this study using a multi-rate signal decomposition technique for the analysis of non-stationary signals. The method uses a multi-rate filter bank for an improved non-stationary signal decomposition treatment, and uses the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) analysis for signal reconstruction. The method presented in this study can effectively resolves the time and frequency resolution issue for non-stationary signal analysis and the cross-term issue typically encountered in time-frequency analysis. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated and verified in a numerical simulation.     

视频监控调度系统通信协议设计

针对视频监控调度系统,设计了一种基于XML消息模型的通信协议,在监控系统通信结构的基础上,详细地设计了通信协议数据单元,实现了系统中监控信息实时、准确的交换.实验结果表明,设计的通信协议是正确可行的,并且能保证信息的高效传输,为构建稳定可靠、高效的监控调度系统奠定了坚实的基础.     

基于G.8032的二层以太环网两点故障保护方案研究

ITU-T提出了以太网环网保护切换的方案,即G.8032标准.该标准采用备用链路的方法,当故障发生时,开通备用链路.但是,该标准只针对一点故障的保护,对于两点故障的保护能力还是空白,本文主要讨论基于G.8032标准的两点故障的保护.     

汽车驾驶员前方视野测量及评价

介绍了汽车驾驶员前方视野检测中的主要环节,对测量中易于出现的问题进行了分析,给出了相应的解决方案.针对驾驶员前方视野测试程序、三角窗问题的界定、双目障碍角的判断及我国的人体特点等进行了阐述,指出了进口汽车对于我国消费者人群存在的安全隐患.     

汽车零部件物流越库配送系统的多重响应优化

提出了一种离散动态系统仿真和响应面元模型相结合的优化方法,对汽车零部件物流越库中心内部设计的多重绩效(零部件吞吐量与平均运作时间)进行优化.在越库中心实际运作的基础上,借助Arena模拟越库的内部运作流程,选取一部分重要内部构件作为系统绩效的设计变量,根据仿真实验的结果拟合出吞吐量和运作时间的响应面元模型,识别出越库中心设计的关键因子,并找出3种目标下最大化绩效的因子组合.优化结果表明,优化后的越库能大大改进系统绩效,所采用的方法可用于零部件的越库实践.     

基于驾驶员转向操作特性的疲劳驾驶检测

本文旨在利用驾驶模拟器开展疲劳驾驶试验,研究疲劳驾驶的检测方法.首先采用面部视频的专家评分方法,建立驾驶员3级疲劳(清醒、疲劳和非常疲劳)的样本数据库;然后定量提取描述疲劳操作特性的特征指标,采用序列浮动前向选择算法筛选最优的特征指标组合,最终建立了一种基于SVM的驾驶员3级疲劳的在线检测算法.测试结果表明,驾驶模拟器工况下,本文算法识别3级疲劳的准确率达到87.7％,具有较高的鲁棒性和实用性.     

基于STAR-CCM+的某轻型客车除霜性能提升研究

针对某轻型客车在寒带地区除霜性能不佳的问题,使用STAR-CCM＋软件对除霜风道结构进行优化分析,通过优化前后两种除霜风道对汽车前挡风玻璃除霜性能影响的比较,获得优化前后汽车前挡风玻璃速度场分布及其冰层的融化过程,仿真结果表明优化后除霜风道的除霜性能得到显著提升,并通过环境舱除霜试验得到验证,为汽车除霜系统的设计提供了参考。