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141.
研究氨气和氮气混合气氛的成分对渗氮速率的影响,测定了渗氮层的显微组织、渗氮层氮浓度分布及有关力学性能.结果表明,渗氮时,通入适量的氮气能使渗氮速率提高13%,改善渗层的组织与性能,有明显的经济效益. 相似文献
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This paper extends the work on Pareto-improving hybrid rationing and pricing policy for general road networks by considering heterogeneous users with different values of time. Mathematical programming models are proposed to find a multiclass Pareto-improving pure road space rationing scheme (MPI-PR) and multiclass hybrid rationing and pricing schemes (MHPI and MHPI-S). A numerical example with a multimodal network is provided for comparing both the efficiency and equity of the three proposed policies. We discover that MHPI-S can achieve the largest reduction in total system delay, MHPI can induce the least spatial inequity and MHPI-S is a progressive policy which is appealing to policy makers. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that different classes of users react differently to the same hybrid policies and multiclass Pareto-improving hybrid schemes yield less delay reduction when compared to their single-class counterparts. 相似文献
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To determine the spatial distribution of rental stations and bikeways in a public bike system, this paper proposes a facility location and network design model. The model is developed as a multi-objective programing problem that considers four objectives (minimizing cyclist risk, maximizing cyclist comfort, minimizing adverse impacts on traffic and maximizing service coverage) and multiple constraints (monetary budget, network connectivity, station spacing, bikeway types, station number and value ranges of decision variables). The ε-constraint method solves the programing problem for the public bike system in Daan District, Taipei City, Taiwan. The nine non-dominated alternatives generated are all markedly better than existing locations of rental stations and bikeways. Scenario analysis results indicate that increasing the construction budget for bikeways significantly improves cyclist safety and comfort whilst increasing the adverse impact on traffic. Planners can use this model to develop public bike systems that spatially integrate rental stations and bikeway networks. 相似文献
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造船业对于水源影响作用巨大,为了顺应社会环保的要求,船舶工程需要转变过去污染水源、浪费原材料、破坏大气等弊端,这就对船舶结构设计与船舶制造提出了较高的环保性要求,在船舶工程的设计与制造中需要充分融入绿色理念,要全面遵循环保要求,积极打造稳定性强、航速快、性能高的绿色船舶。文章首先立足于绿色船舶的概念与特点进行了分析,然后分别针对绿色船舶的结构设计和制造两个方面提出相应的实施途径,指出了在保障船舶的功能性、使用性能以及安全性能等基础的情况下,实施绿色船舶的设计与制造的重要意义。 相似文献
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Due to the asymmetry between the time required to retrieve a container to vessel and the time required to register a container at the gate, the storage space allocation problem solves the best allocation policy of these containers that minimizes the potential number of gantry movements during the assigning process and the future retrieval process. A decision rule-based heuristic is proposed, and three properties are discovered in this research. Comprehensive numerical experiments show that the proposed heuristic can solve the real-sized instances within a second, making it possible to account for uncertainty because the re-optimization effort is negligible. Moreover, when applying the proposed heuristic to a container yard at the Port of Kaohsiung in Taiwan and considering the extreme cases, the heuristic performs even better when the number of containers increases and still requires less than 1 s to solve these extreme cases. Finally, the proposed heuristic can be applied to different layouts of storage space and various material handling machines. 相似文献
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由于集中排烟模式能较好地控制上下游烟气的扩散范围,故被广泛应用于长大隧道设计中。文章针对小尺度火灾,建立了集中排烟隧道火源热烟羽受限发展理论模型,与已有火灾实验结果进行对比,完成了理论模型的验证,预测了顶板下方最高烟气温升、偏移距离等热参数。预测结果表明:火灾强度一定时,烟气最大温升随等效风速增加而急剧下降,且火灾强度对烟气温升的影响也较为显著;当等效风速超过1.5 m/s时,最大温升变化趋缓直至恒定;等效风速较小时,羽流未发生明显偏移,随着等效风速进一步增大,偏移距离明显增大,其变化速率随火灾强度的增大而减小。经回归整理得到了顶板下方烟气最大温升、偏移距离的无量纲准则关联式。 相似文献