初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载力的影响

为了考察初始缺陷、材料等因素对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载力的影响,本文利用ANSYS有限元软件构造模型对耐压圆柱壳结构进行模拟．研究了缺陷幅值在一定范围内变化时,初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳极限承载力的影响,并将有限元计算结果与理论计算结果进行比较,讨论了材料的改变对极限承载力的影响．初始缺陷幅值不会改变耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳模态,且对结构极限承载力的影响有限,但材料的改进对提高结构极限承载力的效果显著．     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

集中排烟隧道近火源顶板热参数理论预测

由于集中排烟模式能较好地控制上下游烟气的扩散范围,故被广泛应用于长大隧道设计中。文章针对小尺度火灾,建立了集中排烟隧道火源热烟羽受限发展理论模型,与已有火灾实验结果进行对比,完成了理论模型的验证,预测了顶板下方最高烟气温升、偏移距离等热参数。预测结果表明:火灾强度一定时,烟气最大温升随等效风速增加而急剧下降,且火灾强度对烟气温升的影响也较为显著;当等效风速超过1.5 m/s时,最大温升变化趋缓直至恒定;等效风速较小时,羽流未发生明显偏移,随着等效风速进一步增大,偏移距离明显增大,其变化速率随火灾强度的增大而减小。经回归整理得到了顶板下方烟气最大温升、偏移距离的无量纲准则关联式。     

岷江上游大型水电站运行对龙溪口下游航道枯水期水位和流量的影响

根据规划,岷江龙溪口—宜宾段将通过航道整治达到内河Ⅲ级航道标准.该河段多年历时保证率95％的流量仅能达到662 m3/s,但是岷江上游紫坪铺、瀑布沟等大型水电站的建成对下游河段通航流量产生了较大影响.根据紫坪铺水电站蓄水前、后高场水文站的径流、泥沙资料,分析紫坪铺等大型水电站建成后对下游河段水沙特性的影响,得知岷江上游...     

电动汽车动力电池热失控过程分析及预警机制设计

文章通过实验数据对热失控发生的过程进行分析,提取出关键的信号特征。设计出一套全面完整的热失控预警系统,并总结出多个报警条件,避免出现故障的误报及漏报的情况。最后介绍了热失控预警后整车及大数据的应对措施。     

管道惯性测绘系统研制及应用

针对管道中心线地理坐标信息的测量需求,基于惯性导航原理,研制了以管道内检测器为载体的管道中心线测绘内检测设备,并将其与漏磁内检测器结合进行工程应用。选取了5处已知点对测绘结果进行了验证,测绘结果和实际验证结果表明:研制的惯性导航内检测器能够准确测绘管道中心线轨迹坐标,在校验点间距约为2 km时,5个距校验点约1 km的已知点的平均测绘误差约为1.8 m;通过将惯性导航检测器与漏磁检测器的组合使用,可有效获取管道缺陷的地理坐标信息,提高了管道内检测缺陷检测定位的精度。     

沉井结构在大型原水泵房中的应用及研究

在长江取水工程中,取水口的高度会对通航及河床稳定有直接的影响,因此在设计中一般会尽量降低取水口标高,这将会导致与之相连的原水泵房的埋深通常都比较深.在这种情况下,沉井施工工艺将比传统的基坑支护更有优势.通过具体的工程实例,阐述了沉井结构如何以带框架(或中隔墙)下沉的形式应用于较大型原水泵房,并对沉井在下沉阶段、水下封底阶段、顶管施工阶段及使用阶段中的稳定性及受力进行分析研究,为同类工程提供借鉴.     

复杂环境下上跨高速公路地铁高架桥施工关键技术

南京地铁S9号线一节点控制性连续梁桥处在软弱地基和中风化凝灰岩两种极端差异地质条件下,上跨S243省道、下穿220kV高压线,且施工期处于冬季低温季节,施工环境极为复杂.针对该悬臂浇筑连续梁施工过程中存在的难点,通过技术研究,开发出一套关键施工技术,包括新型的0#块支架体系以及挂篮防护蒸养一体化系统,搭配以空间需求较小...     

艰险山区铁路桥隧工程技术接口管理成熟度评价研究

艰险山区环境恶劣、地质复杂,使得铁路桥隧工程施工技术难度高、施工周期长,导致技术接口多、管理难度大.为实现对桥隧工程技术接口科学有效的管理,提出一种基于变权-靶心贴近度的艰险山区铁路桥隧工程技术接口管理成熟度评价模型.利用WSR系统方法对技术接口问题进行分析,构建铁路桥隧工程技术接口管理综合评价指标体系,并通过变权综合模型为指标赋权.运用靶心贴近度模型确定桥隧工程技术接口管理成熟度.以藏木雅鲁藏布江特大桥与安拉隧道为例,用该模型评估其技术接口管理成熟度等级,并借助雷达图直观反映技术接口管理水平.通过本文研究为艰险山区铁路桥隧工程技术接口管理提供了新思路.     

航班快速恢复建模与仿真研究

随着民用航空的发展与竞争,航班延误不仅影响航空飞行的安全与正常,更与航空公司的运营效率、运营成本及乘客利益息息相关。针对某一恶劣天气影响,对某公司受影响航班进行重新调配,考虑到航班的备降、盘旋等待、延误、取消等多种状态,以总成本最小为目标函数,建立航班快速恢复模型,通过MATLAB运用遗传算法设计航班恢复算法进行求解,得出最经济的航班恢复方案。