空腹式无铰拱桥开裂荷载计算方法研究

开裂是混凝土及圬工拱桥使用过程中的常见现象,是其损伤开始的标志.鉴于空腹式无铰拱桥开裂荷载研究不充分的现状,在总结拱桥破坏规律的基础上,提出对称荷载破坏、偏载破坏两种基本破坏型式,使用悬索线拱桥理论推导了其开裂荷载的实用表达式,为实际拱桥状态的快速评定提供理论依据     

A method for determining surface free energy of bamboo fiber materials by applying Fowkes theory and using computer aided machine vision based measurement technique

The purpose of this study is to develop a standard methodology for measuring the surface free energy (SFE), and its component parts of bamboo fiber materials. The current methods was reviewed to determine the surface tension of natural fibers and the disadvantages of techniques used were discussed. Although numerous techniques have been employed to characterize surface tension of natural fibers, it seems that the credibility of results obtained may often be dubious. In this paper, critical surface tension estimates were obtained from computer aided machine vision based measurement. Data were then analyzed by the least squares method to estimate the components of SFE. SFE was estimated by least squares analysis and also by Schultz?? method. By using the Fowkes method the polar and disperse fractions of the surface free energy of bamboo fiber materials can be obtained. Strictly speaking, this method is based on a combination of the knowledge of Fowkes theory. SFE is desirable when adhesion is required, and it avoids some of the limitations of existing studies which has been proposed. The calculation steps described in this research are only intended to explain the methods. The results show that the method that only determines SFE as a single parameter may be unable to differentiate adequately between bamboo fiber materials, but it is feasible and very efficient. In order to obtain the maximum performance from the computer aided machine vision based measurement instruments, this measurement should be recommended and kept available for reference.     

Survey on arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy

This paper summed up the characteristics of native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese hemodialysis centers. A survey was conducted on AVF in maintenance hemodialysis patients with type 2 DN. A total of 224 cases of maintenance hemodialysis patients were included in this study, among which, 65 cases in DN group, 33 cases in diabetes mellitus (DM) group and 126 cases in non-diabetic control (C) group. Hemoglobin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, parathyroid hormone and calcium-phosphate product of the three groups of patients were not significantly different. Glycated hemoglobin A1c of DN group and DM group was not significant different. AVF life of (28.7 ± 10.0) months in DN group was significantly shorter than that of (36.5 ± 19.4) months in C group (statistic probability P <0.01), and AVF life of (32.5 ± 10.1) months in DM group (P <0.05) was also shorter than that in C group, while there was no significant difference in AVF life between DN group and DM group. Proportion of upper arm fistula in DN patients (11/65) was significantly higher than that in C group (6/123, P < 0.01). Life of AVF in patients with DN was relatively short, with more times of angioplasty and greater possibility of selecting upper arm internal fistula.     

Image fusion scheme based on nonsubsampled contourlet and block-based cosine transform

A kind of nonsubsampled contourlet and block-based cosine transform (NSCBCT) is developed, and its application in image fusion is studied in this paper. The construction of filtering banks is based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and block-based discrete cosine transform (B-DCT). We combine NSCT and B-DCT to design filters that lead to NSCBCT with better singularity representation than either of them in isolation. A design framework based on the hybrid approach is proposed, which allows for the fast implementation based on NSCT and B-DCT respectively. In addition, a new image fusion scheme based on NSCBCT for multispectral and panchromatic satellite images is proposed. Firstly, because it adopts NSCT, the fused satellite images have higher spatial resolution than those based on wavelets. Secondly, based on the localized high frequency information provided by B-DCT, the proposed fusion scheme can reduce the spectral distortion of the fused image further. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion method is able to increase the spatial resolution and reduce the spectral distortion of the fused image at the same time.     

沥青混合料等应变率压缩试验的时间依赖性模型

为描述沥青混合料在受力状态下的时间依赖性行为,以等应变率压缩试验曲线特点为依据,建立沥青混合料的可变量本构模型,并推导出不同加载条件下本构方程表达式.通过有效的数值拟合方法获取沥青混合料的本构模型参数,将该模型与三轴等应变率压缩试验曲线进行对比,两者吻合较好,表明可变量本构模型能较好地描述沥青混合料与时间依赖行为,对破坏失效后材料的力学行为曲线有较好地表述.利用拟合参数计算蠕变曲线,其计算蠕变曲线能成功地描述蠕变的第二、三阶段,曲线特点与应力、温度等条件相关,在高温度和高应力条件时达到一定应变条件时所需时间较短,同时稳定期随温度和应力的增加所经历的时间逐渐减少.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2／C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2／C复合材料．并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试．XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的．透射电镜（TEM）结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹．纳米SnO2／C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性．     

地下建筑结构三维抗震简化计算方法研究

本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了地下建筑结构的三维抗震简化计算方法,研究了将地下结构平面模型的地震荷载和弹簧约束扩展应用于地下结构空间模型的具体实施方法,并建议了三维简化计算方法中法向和切向地基弹簧系数的数值计算方法。与三维有限元时程分析结果进行对比,验证了该方法的可靠性和适用性。三维抗震简化计算方法的提出,可以解决当空间地下建筑结构不能满足平面应变的假定条件时必须采用三维有限元时程分析进行抗震设计的问题。     

大鼠脉络丛上皮细胞的原代培养与鉴定

目的建立一种简便、实用的大鼠脉络丛上皮细胞的原代培养方法,以便进一步对其进行体外实验研究。方法无菌条件下取1～9d的Sprague-Dawley大鼠脉络丛组织,经机械分离后将细胞种植于含100mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中进行培养,定期进行形态学观察并摄片。在培养第9天左右,采用电子显微镜及Hematoxylin&Eosin(HE)染色进行形态学观察,免疫细胞化学染色法鉴定并计算脉络丛上皮细胞的纯度。结果培养的脉络丛上皮细胞呈梭形或多角形,电子显微镜下有微绒毛,细胞纯度在95%以上。结论利用机械分散法分离新生大鼠脉络丛上皮细胞,进行原代培养可获得高纯度的脉络丛上皮细胞,该方法简便实用。     

燃料电池轿车动力系统结构设计

对比分析实际燃料电池轿车两种动力系统结构的优缺点,提出燃料电池轿车动力系统设计原则;Plug-in燃料电池轿车动力系统的结构能够继承所述两种动力系统结构的优点并克服其固有缺点;根据动力系统设计原则实现的Plug-in燃料电池轿车动力系统,具有效率高、成本适中的特点;经仿真分析和试验认证,所设计的Plug-in燃料电池轿车动力系统结构和能量分配设计方法准确实用。该方法对串联混合动力、双电源系统汽车的能量设计分配也具一定参考价值。     

公路车-桥耦合振动的理论和应用研究进展

为了推动公路车-桥耦合振动理论的发展和仿真技术的广泛应用,从公路车-桥耦合振动理论研究和应用研究2个方面系统性梳理了公路车-桥耦合振动相关领域的学术研究现况、既有研究成果、发展前景、存在的问题和对策。理论研究方面,系统总结了车-桥耦合振动研究中车-桥、桥梁、路面不平整度等参数的数学模型和车-桥耦合时变系统动力学方程的数值解法。基于调研和分析发现,经过国内外学者长期的努力,车-桥系统数值模型已经可以越来越真实地模拟实际车辆、桥梁以及路面不平整度等其他条件因素。在未来的研究中应持续改进有限元建模技术和优化数值算法,以进一步提高车-桥耦合振动仿真分析的精度和效率,扩展其应用范围。应用研究方面,以桥梁动力冲击系数、桥梁疲劳分析、桥梁结构损伤识别、桥梁振动控制、桥上行车舒适性以及桥上车辆荷载动态识别等6个问题为例,综述了车-桥耦合振动仿真技术在桥梁安全相关研究领域的应用现状,并对目前研究仍存在的局限和后续的研究方向进行了初步探讨。研究表明,车-桥耦合振动仿真技术已成为众多相关研究领域内的重要研究方法,在部分研究领域已展现了良好的应用前景。后续研究中,一方面应针对具体问题的特点改进车-桥耦合振动模型的适用性和计算精度,另一方面应针对具体研究问题进一步完善相关理论,并从工程实用性角度提出新的或改进的技术和方法。