Towards a standardized European road network database

Many Driver Information Systems, especially those that provide location information and route guidance instruction, rely on some form of digital map data, i.e. data that represent the location and other properties of earth-bound objects. A deeperinformation analysis of the data needs of the systems reveals that many needs are very close to the demands that a human navigator makes on a classical paper map. But it also reveals some hidden needs, which relate to the fact that the current Driver Information Systems have only a very poor or no general knowledge. Gathering all these data, putting them into a database and keeping them up to date is an enormous task. Therefore it is very important to know whatsurveying and digitizing techniques are the most suitable for such data. This question is currently being investigated by two DRIVE projects, PANDORA and Task Force EDRM.To guarantee the efficiency of a road network database and to guarantee the exchangeability of traffic messages, a certainstandardization will be inevitable. One possibility is to standardize the finished article, i.e. the map data in the form in which they are represented on the medium used by the system itself (e.g. CD, coded beacon message). This is the solution that has been chosen in Japan, where a CD-ROM based standard has been defined. It is also the solution chosen by the European manufacturers of beacon-supported systems such as Autoguide and LISB, who have defined a standard for the road-vehicle communication link. Another possibility is to standardize the semi-manufactured article, i.e. the map data as they occur in a general purpose road database or in the datafiles produced by data suppliers. This solution has been chosen by Bosch and Philips and had led to their GDF, in which they define a standard data content, a data model and an exhange format for these files. If the systems are going to combine data coming from different sources, the need arises for standard reference numbers. This means that an organizational infrastructure will have to be set up to create and maintain such a reference numbering system. A road database that is kept up to date, represents a lot of money. It will be vitally important for such databases to be legally protected against copying activities.     

糖尿病与腔隙梗塞

分析经ＭＲＩ确诊的糖尿病腔隙梗塞３７例，探讨糖尿病与腔隙梗塞的关系。认为腔隙梗塞是糖尿病的一种特征性改变，是其临床表现之一，应称为糖尿病腔隙梗塞。本组资料表明，糖尿病腔隙梗塞病灶为多发，见于大脑中动脉支配之皮层下部位和桥脑、小脑等，临床表现与非糖尿病腔隙梗塞无特异性差别。     

慢性肺心病急发期血镁与心律失常

本文对98例慢性肺心病急性发作期患者血镁与心律失常的关系作了观察,其中低镁血症31例,其心律失常的发病率为93.54%(29/31)血镁浓度大于0.75mmol/L 者67例,其心律失常的发病率为70.15%。13例低患血症合并心律失常者接受硫酸镁治疗,12例心律失常在治疗当天或三日内控制,无效者1例,系肺心病合并冠心病。结果提示低镁血症易致心律失常及洋地黄中毒,镁剂对心律紊乱有显著疗效,本文还就其作用机制进行了讨论。     

热空气加速老化对合成闸瓦性能的影响

对铁路货车合成闸瓦进行热空气加速老化试验,研究合成闸瓦在老化过程中的力学性能和摩擦性能变化规律。结合热失重及溶胀实验结果,认为热氧老化使闸瓦中丁腈橡胶交联密度增大是闸瓦材料脆性增加、韧性变差的本质原因。     

STR基因座基因频率在强奸犯和正常人群间分布的比较

目的　比较 13个STR基因座基因频率在强奸犯和正常人群中的分布。方法　应用STR复合扩增、基因扫描、基因分型调查 13个STR基因座基因频率在两类人群中的分布并进行比较。结果　D2 1S11的等位基因 32 .2 ,THO1的等位基因 9,CSF1PO的等位基因 10、11在两类人群中的分布存在显著性差异。结论　这 4个基因可能与强奸犯罪有相关性     

中国西部地区46个贫困县妇女孕产期保健现况

目的　了解西部地区妇女保健现状 ,分析其影响因素 ,从而寻找适当的改进措施。方法　对 9个项目省、自治区和直辖市的 4 6个项目县 ,进行了横断面调查设计及分层多阶段随机抽样调查。结果　产前检查率平均在 86 %以上 ;产前检查地点主要以乡卫生院为主 (占 4 7.78% ) ;分娩地点 :住院分娩的占 4 8.5 0 % ,在家里的占 4 9.2 6 %。结论　进一步提高住院分娩率 ,提高乡级卫生人员的业务素质 ,加强妇女保健的宣传工作 ,将有助于改善西部贫困地区的妇女保健状况     

常温及低温下奥氏体不锈钢低循环变形行为的研究

本文通过宏微观结合,研究了奥氏体不锈铜常温及低温下低循环变形行为,着重讨论了应变幅值、试验温度、奥氏体稳定性对低周疲劳寿命、循环硬化/软化的影响;分析宏微观试验结果,提出了材料循环变形过程中硬化与软化同时存在的观点。     

先天性肾积水患者的超微结构病理及临床分析

对38例单纯先天性肾积水肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）组织作透射电镜观察，结果：其主要超微结构病理改变是平滑肌细胞间有大量胶原料堆组织堆积，平滑肌细胞相互分离，肌细胞本身发育不良，胞膜皱折、锯齿状、指状突起，线粒体肿胀破坏。提示积水的原因是UPJ部位功能性梗阻。     

EXPRESSION OF IL-2 AND SIL-2R AND ALTERATION OF CELL IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-2 （IL-2）, soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R）, determine the alteration of erythrocytic immunity and T cell subgroup in the blood of outer circulation in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage so and to probe into the relationship between them, and to explore the clinical significance. Methods Enzyme linked immnunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the content of IL-2 and slL-2R. The immunoadsorption was employed to examine the erythrocytic immune activity and its regulating function. （ S-P） was used to determine the cell number of CD3 （cluster of differentiation3）, CD4 and CD8. Resolts The content of IL-2 in the group with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower than that in the control group （P〈0.01）, and the content of sIL-2R increased. Red blood cell C3b receptor （RBC. C3bR） and RBC immune adherence enhancing factor （RFEB） dropped greatly （P〈0.01）, while RBC immune complex rosette （RBC. ICR） and RBC immune adherence inhibiting factor （RFIR） increased greatly. The cell number of CD3 and CD4decreased （P〈0.01） and there was no obvious change in CD8 （P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The decrease of immune function was observed in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. The determination of the content of IL-2, sIL- 2R, erythrocytic immunity and the activity of T subgroup has an important clinical significance in the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.     

硒缺乏对大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响及褪黑素的干预作用

目的　探讨低硒与心肌细胞凋亡的关系及褪黑素能否保护心肌免于低硒所致的心肌损伤。方法　对低硒粮喂养、加硒喂养及低硒粮加褪黑素喂养三组大鼠的心肌组织丙二醛水平及细胞凋亡进行检测和对比分析。结果　大鼠饲养 12周后 ,低硒组大鼠心肌组织丙二醛水平较加硒组和低硒 +褪黑素组显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;加硒组和低硒 +褪黑素组两组间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;低硒、加硒及低硒加褪黑素喂养大鼠 3组间心肌细胞凋亡检出率分别为 7/ 8,2 / 8,1/ 8,后两组与低硒组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　低硒导致的脂质过氧化物损伤可能参与诱发心肌细胞凋亡 ,褪黑素则有减轻作用 ,其机制可能与褪黑素的抗氧化作用有关。