气体灭火系统受干扰的原因及防范措施

介绍气体灭火系统受外界干扰导致误喷放的情况,从探测器、控制器和线路方面,探讨形成干扰的主要类型和原因,结合实际工程中的应用情况,有针对性地提出防范措施.     

A Study of Prevention Techniques for Tunnel Lining Defects北大核心CSCD

Defects of tunnel lining, such as inadequate thickness, voids, cracks, rock falling and water leakage etc., endanger the safety of railway tunnel operation. Based on the site construction, an analysis of the reasons for lining defects was conducted; technical measures against lining defects were proposed and tests were carried out at site. The results show that these measures are reliable and effective, and the purposes of prevention and treatment are re⁃ alized. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

“工厂法”沉管隧道早期性能的足尺试验研究

由于沉管隧道管段体积大、结构形式复杂、施工工艺复杂,容易因温度、收缩以及约束等原因,造成管段结构在预制阶段出现危害性裂缝,进而影响结构的服役性能和耐久性能。文章依托在建港珠澳大桥沉管隧道工程实例,开展了足尺试验,对"工厂法"沉管管节关键部位的温度和应变发展实施了监测,分析对比了温度发展规律和应变发展规律。分析结果表明:在早期因混凝土水化热引起温度上升,整个管段结构膨胀受拉,温度到达峰值后逐渐下降,结构也收缩恢复;但由于混凝土自收缩等因素的存在,结构最终收缩受压。研究所提供的试验结果可作为深入进行数值分析的一个基础。     

富水砂层中暗挖隧道施工沉降控制技术

富水砂层中暗挖隧道施工是地铁施工中的一大难点,常常因沉降过大而引发安全事故。在深圳地铁安-侨区间隧道工程中,通过洞内帷幕注浆、水平旋喷桩、地表井点降水等辅助措施做到了超前控制,在解决隧道开挖安全问题的同时有效地减少了沉降量;施工过程中严格执行了"管超前、短进尺、强支护、早封闭、勤量测"的方针,控制了时空效应,解决了富水砂层中暗挖隧道沉降过大的问题。文章重点分析了沉降原因及控制沉降的关键技术和有效措施。     

Review of Secure Communication Approaches for In-Vehicle Network

In the connected vehicles, connecting interfaces bring threats to the vehicles and they can be hacked to impact the vehicles and drivers. Compared with traditional vehicles, connected vehicles require more information transfer. Sensor signals and critical data must be protected to ensure the cyber security of connected vehicles. The communications among ECUs, sensors, and gateways are connected by in-vehicle networks. This paper discussed the state-of-art techniques about secure communication for in-vehicle networks. First, the related concepts in automotive secure communication have been provided. Then we have compared and contrasted existing approaches for secure communication. We have analyzed the advantages/disadvantages of MAC and digital signatures for message authentication and compared the performance and limitations of different cryptographic algorithms. Firewall and intrusion detection system are introduced to protect the networks. The constraints and features of different intrusion detection approaches are presented. After that, the technical requirements for cryptographic mechanism and intrusion detection policy are concluded. Based on the review of current researches, the future development directions of the automotive network security have been discussed. The purpose of this paper is to review current techniques on automotive secure communication and suggest suitable secure approaches to implement on the in-vehicle networks.     

齐岳山隧道施工中物探与钻探的应用比较研究

在岩溶山区隧道工程的施工过程中,地质超前预报是重要的施工工序,以宜万铁路齐岳山隧道为例,研究了基于地震波理论的TSP203探测设备的应用方法和目前在国内外水平钻探领域功能最完善的RPD-150多功能地质钻机的应用方法;分析比较了地球物理探测和地质钻探方法在隧道地质超前预报中的特点,提出了岩溶山区隧道地质超前预报技术方法的应用原则.研究结果表明:TSP203地质预报系统探测、解译距离远,分辨率高,系统智能化程度高,数据记录基本采用自动记录系统,试验过程简单,对施工影响较小,但是整个系统数据记录与分析比较单一、公式化;RPD-150C多功能钻机系统具有探测准确、探测结果受外界影响小等优点,但是数据分析往往不能对有些数据和图形进行量化,只能作出定性的分析.从而得出结论,RPD-150C多功能钻机系统与TSP203地质预报系统有很大的互补性,综合两种手段,可以及时预测预报到大部分地质不良地段,为隧道工程的施工奠定基础.     

Structural Optimization and Strength Analysis of the Lifting Arm of a Wet Shotcrete Spraying Unit北大核心CSCD

Wet shotcrete spraying units are widely used in underground engineering, for railways, highways, water conservancy and hydropower stations, municipal works, mining and military and other industries. Structural analysis and mechanical behavior optimization are conducted regarding the lifting arm of a TKJ series shotcrete spraying unit, and optimization of the hinge point position and working scope of the lifting arm is realized. The optimal layout scheme for the hinge force is given based on the Monte Carlo method, the hinge force of the lifting arm is improved for the mean and maximum values, and the maximum and average hinge force of the lifting cylinder decrease by 23.14% and 7.70%, respectively, compared with that of the original scheme. The static strength is checked using Ansys-Workbench for the optimized scheme, and the results show that the optimized scheme has a larger safety re-serve and that the structural design is more reasonable than the original scheme. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling of Virtual Prototype for Half-track Air-cushion Vehicle Based on Prototype Test

基于半履带气垫车工作原理和原理样机建立了其虚拟样机模型.对虚拟样机模型的悬架和气垫系统进行调试,并在软地面环境下进行了仿真.结果表明,结合半履带和气垫技术可提高车辆在软地面上的通过性.     

城市出租车行驶里程与排放特性相关性的试验研究

应用美国Sensors公司生产的SEMTECH-DS车载排放测试仪,通过双怠速法、ASM稳态工况法及道路工况法对同一品牌不同行驶里程的城市出租车进行了排放特性的研究,比较了不同测试方法对排放测试结果的影响,并分析了车辆行驶里程与排放特性的关系。结果表明,双怠速工况下排放污染物超标的行驶里程与ASM工况基本相似;道路工况对汽车污染物排放影响显著;3种测试方法下的HC排放污染物均随行驶里程的增加而升高。