探究公路勘察设计与环境保护的关联

文章首先分析了公路建设过程中对环境造成的影响,而后阐述了公路工程在路线设计时应注意的环境问题,最后列举了提升公路设计线路与环境环保的举措,希望降低工程在建设过程中对环保造成的不利影响。     

中外航道设计中波浪富裕水深确定方法对比

通过对比国内外航道设计规范中波浪富裕水深的确定方法,系统分析影响波浪富裕水深的主要因素,结合全球波浪要素的分布情况讨论各国方法的适用范围,并通过实例计算对波浪要素的影响进行对比分析。结果表明,各国规范大多以波高、船浪夹角、波周期为自变量来确定波浪富裕水深,波浪富裕水深与波高成正比,最不利船浪夹角通常是90°或45°左右,波浪富裕水深通常会随波浪周期的增大而增大,当船舶固有周期接近遭遇波浪周期时有极大值。     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

基于Revit的铁路线路三维信息平台开发

智能高铁是我国高速铁路发展的趋势,BIM技术融合智能化、信息化等手段,可实现铁路项目的全生命周期管理,提高管理水平和工作效率.根据BIM技术特点,基于Autodesk Revit建立铁路线路三维信息平台,为铁路项目信息化管理提供参考.首先,利用PowerCivil并根据线路平、纵断面等资料,生成线路中心线三维线形,为后...     

琼州海峡船舶雾航安全管理

船舶在雾中航行,由于能见度低,瞭望、定位困难,极易发生海上交通事故,造成人员、船舶的经济损失及海洋环境的污染。据统计,在雾航中发生的船舶碰撞事故占整个海上碰撞事故总数的70%以上,因此,对雾航安全的研究一直是航运界关注的重点。琼州海峡位于海南岛与雷州半岛之间,是我国南海沟通北部湾和华南沿海的一个主要海峡通道,同时也     

基于Agent的变电站通信研究

多智能体(Agent)系统能有效解决分布式问题,电力系统属于分布式结构。文章以智能变电站为研究对象,将Agent技术与IEC 61850标准相结合,分析了Agent技术解决IEC 61850通信时可能的通信对象冲突问题。将IED设备作为Agent,在相同局域网内通过实现多Agent自治算法协调系统,设置消息过滤和创建轮询Agent,来避免通信的混乱;在不同局域网间依靠TCP/IP协议传输消息,解决了变电站复杂的分布式通信问题。     

基于均值漂移粒子滤波的目标跟踪算法研究

针对粒子滤波计算量大的问题,将视觉跟踪领域的均值漂移算法（Mean Shift）与粒子滤波（PF）算法相结合,该算法利用均值漂移算法在重采样之后将粒子收敛到靠近目标真实状态的区域内,改善了传统粒子滤波器的退化现象,减少了算法的运行时间,通过被动跟踪仿真实例,同时使用均值漂移粒子滤波与传统粒子滤波进行跟踪仿真,分析了轨迹跟踪性能,利用均方根误差比较了误差性能。仿真结果表明,Mean Shift PF具有更高的跟踪精度,并且运行时间显著减少。     

一种雷达分队作战效能评估的方法

尝试将影响雷达分队作战效能的因素引入综合评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评判方法对某雷达站的作战效能加以评估,并提出对总体作战效能影响较大的因素,为今后开展工作,提高作战效能提供了一定的理论基础。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

On the numerical accuracy of the prediction of resistance coefficients in ship stern flow calculations

This article presents a study on the accuracy of the numerical determination of the friction and pressure resistance coefficients of ship hulls. The investigation was carried out for the KVLCC2 tanker at model- and full-scale Reynolds numbers. Gravity waves were neglected, i.e., we adopted the so-called double-model flow. Single-block grids with H–O topology were adopted for all the calculations. Three eddy viscosity models were employed: the one-equation eddy viscosity and the two-equation models proposed by Menter and the TNT version of the two-equation k-ω model. Verification exercises were performed in sets of nearly geometrically similar grids with different densities in the streamwise, normal, and girthwise directions. The friction and pressure resistance coefficients were calculated for different levels of the iterative error and for computational domains of different size. The results show that on the level of grid refinement used, it is possible to calculate the viscous resistance coefficients in H–O grids that do not match the ship contour with a numerical uncertainty of less than 1%. The differences between the predictions of different turbulence models were larger than the numerical uncertainty; however, these differences tended to decrease with increases in the Reynolds number. The pressure resistance was remarkably sensitive to domain size and far-field boundary conditions. Either a large domain or the application of a viscous–inviscid interaction procedure is needed for reliable results. This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering—MARINE 2007, Barcelona, June 3–4, 2007.