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371.
Proshanto K. Mukherjee 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2007,6(2):147-166
Within the comprehensive body of law encompassed by the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS), there
are two regimes that are topical and outstanding in the current maritime milieu. These are the international safety management
and the international ship and port facility regimes, both characterized by two codes serving as the centre of gravity of
each, namely, the ISM Code and the ISPS Code, respectively. In this article the concept of the code as a legal instrument
is perused following which a critical legal analysis is carried out of the two above-mentioned Codes, including their backgrounds,
the evolutionary process culminating into the regimes and their interrelationships. Several anomalies and inadequacies in
the two regimes are identified but in the final analysis it is concluded that both instruments are salutary additions to the
body of convention law generated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). They will undoubtedly influence the continuing
development of international law in the field of maritime safety and security. 相似文献
372.
Junbo Jia 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2007,12(1):43-57
To reduce the area on deck occupied by each car and the labour and time required for lashing and unlashing cars, it has been
proposed by the author that in some conditions, cars on decks could be transported without lashing. To evaluate cargo securing
based on this “lashing-free” concept, computational code was developed to calculate the vehicle–deck interactions for various
ship motions. The code was structured by incorporating a vehicle model into a piece of ship motion calculation code. A series
of time-domain simulations were conducted to evaluate vehicle securing. It was found that for a target ship consisting of
a 6000-unit Ro-Ro vessel, vehicle securing is mainly influenced by the ship's rolling motions and is highly dependent on the
wave height and loading conditions. It was suggested from the analysis that vehicles could be secured without being lashed
in a large area of the ship in specific weather conditions and on some routes with less adverse sea states. However, it is
still suggested that conventional lashing holes should be constructed on the deck because in severe sea states the cars will
still need to be lashed. The limitations of the current investigations are also presented.
The relevant research work was carried out at the Division of Ship Design and Engineering, Department of Shipping and Marine
Technology, Chalmers University of Technology. 相似文献
373.
Validation of a schedule‐based capacity restraint transit assignment model for a large‐scale network
This paper describes the application of a capacity restraint trip assignment algorithm to a real, large‐scale transit network and the validation of the results. Unlike the conventional frequency‐based approach, the network formulation of the proposed model is dynamic and schedule‐based. Transit vehicles are assumed to operate to a set of pre‐determined schedules. Passengers are assumed to select paths based on a generalized cost function including in‐vehicle and out‐of‐vehicle time and line change penalty. The time‐varying passenger demand is loaded onto the network by a time increment simulation method, which ensures that the capacity restraint of each vehicle during passenger boarding is strictly observed. The optimal‐path and path‐loading algorithms are applied iteratively by the method of successive averages until the network converges to the predictive dynamic user equilibrium. The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway network is used to validate the model results. The potential applications of the model are also discussed. 相似文献
374.
隧道检测系统及其在韩国高速铁路隧道的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
JunSLee Il-YoonChoi Hee-Uplee Choon-SukBang 《中国铁道科学》2004,25(3):21-26
介绍韩国高速铁路隧道安装的健康监测系统,提出基于检测数据诊断隧道衬砌可能破损的新系统识别方法。引入逆算法,即根据已知的形变数据和混凝土衬砌恒载,估计破损的程度和位置。对以刚度均减和裂缝概念为基础建立的两种模型进行效果和优劣比较。对理想化的隧道结构进行数学分析,并用检测数据中常用的白噪声对模型进行适应性研究。结果表明,基于刚度均减方法的模型1对白噪声相对不敏感,而以裂缝概念为基础的模型2由于受刚度减小的影响很小,易于现场应用。 相似文献
375.
Thomas A. Mensah 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2004,3(1):17-30
The adoption of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is the latest response of the international
shipping community to the increasing threat posed by acts of terrorism at sea. The ACHILLE LAURO incident of 1985 showed that
the traditional law against piracy was not adequate to deal with new types of unlawful acts against international shipping,
especially those involving acts of terrorism. The 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety
of Maritime Navigation (SUA Convention) and the technical and administrative measures adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee
of IMO in 1986 and 1996 attempted to develop a broader regime to deal with unlawful acts against international shipping.However,
the events of September 11, 2001 showed that additional measures were still needed to prevent terrorist attacks against ships. 相似文献
376.
Edgar Gold 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2004,3(1):51-66
This article addresses the growing concern over the diminishing legal rights and increasing responsibilities of those in command of ships today. A number of high-profile maritime accidents have focussed on the dilemma faced by shipmasters who appear to be held responsible for actions over which they have little or no control. This seems to indicate that the traditional privilege and honour associated with command appears to have become a risky burden. The article discusses the legal rights and responsibilities that shipmasters have today in terms of international maritime law and policy. Four case studies are utilized to illustrate the problem. 相似文献
377.
A probabilistic particle tracking model is used to simulate the oil dispersion after the Prestige wreckage. This oil spill constitutes a suitable benchmark to analyze the capabilities of a probabilistic model, since the time elapsed from wreckage to oil landing (12 days) is much longer than the reliability time associated with forecast winds, usually on the order of 3–4 days. The particle model can be run in two different modes: real time mode (when existing reliable wind fields for the event under scope) and in probabilistic mode (in absence of reliable wind fields but with historical fields corresponding to a similar period). The validity of the particle model is first evaluated in a hindcast way, running the Prestige case with the wind fields corresponding to the period November 19 to November 30, 2002, which were not available at the moment of the wreckage. Calculations show the accuracy of the model to provide the right impact point and timing. The probabilistic model is then used to simulate the same event by means of historical data. The region where the oil landed is shown to be the area with the highest probability to be impacted. 相似文献
378.
M.Brueggemann 《汽车研究与开发》2006,(1):80-81
在汽车消费发达的国家,二手车消费是整个汽车消费的重要组成部分。甚至可以说,科学、合理、完善的二手车消费体制带动了整个汽车消费的发展。在今天的中国,汽车越来越多地进入了家庭,准备置换手中旧车的人也越来越多,所以《爱车》特别邀请美国二手车销售专家M.Brueggemann先生为中国的车主朋友奉献一篇精彩的文章,虽然本文充满美国社会的气息,很多技巧不能直接套用,但是先进的经验是绝对值得借鉴的。[编者按] 相似文献
379.
The present procedures for processing arriving passengers at the Colombo International Airport cause inordinte waiting times. An alternate plan, which is based on state of the art customs procedures, and which can reduce waiting times significantly while maintaining a high level of enforcement, is proposed. The present and proposed procedures are analyzed and compared with respect to passenger waiting times, using deterministic queueing theory. An optimal inspection rate of passengers by the customs service is proposed taking into account the fraction of inspected passengers, the waiting time of passengers and the cost of customs processing. 相似文献
380.
FU Ming-Yu BIAN Xin-Qian SHI JiCollege of Power Nuclear Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2002,1(1):41-46
All kinds of reasons are analysed in theory and a fault repository combined with local expert experiences is establishedaccording to the structure and the operation characteristic of steam generator in this paper. At the same time, Kohonen algo-rithm is used for fault diagnoses system based on fuzzy neural networks. Fuzzy arithmetic is inducted into neural networks tosolve uncertain diagnosis induced by uncertain knowledge. According to its self-association in the course of default diagnosis. thesystem is provided with non-supervise, self-organizing, self-learning, and has strong cluster ability and fast cluster velocity. 相似文献