Characterization and evolution of spatial density patterns in urban areas

This paper examines the spatial patterns of population density, household automobile ownership and other socio-demographic variables that affect urban travel, as a function of distance from the central city core. Spatial density functions provide a useful characterization of urban structure, and of its evolution when taken at different time intervals. Analysis of the data from four case cities (Austin, Atlanta, Dallas, Phoenix) for 1960, 1970 and 1980 reveals continuing overall dispersion away from the traditional central core, accompanied by the densification of formerly low-density suburbs. This presents implications for high congestion levels in the densifying suburban communities, comparable to those typically associated with the CBD. In addition, the analysis has captured the continuing growth of average household automobile ownership and revealed a distinct spatial pattern that seems to be robust across the case areas considered, as well as within radial corridors in the one case that was so analyzed (Austin).List of symbols Y gross population density in census tractt - X _t distance in miles from the center of tract to the CBD - parameter representing the central business district density - y density gradient parameter - X₀, X₁, X2, and X3 locations of the knots in a three segment division of the x-axis - D_i dummy variable defined for thei-th segment - ₁ normally distributed disturbance term,a _i,b _i,c _i,d _i,i = 1, 2, 3 — parameters to be estimated - A _t area of census tractt     

无线接入网络研究中的计算机仿真

目前,已经有许多成熟的计算机辅助软件来帮助通信系统的建模、分析和设计。计算机仿真技术可分为2类：一类是数值仿真,就是在数学分析的基础上,通过计算机进行一系列的数值计算来研究问题;另一类是系统仿真,通过建立研究系统的仿真模型,对系统运行的行为进行模拟,从而分析和评估系统性能。采用系统仿真可以对通信网络的整体性能进行评估,指导通信网络的研究、设计和优化。通信网络的系统仿真方法又称为网络仿真。     

基于屏幕捕获技术的自动售检票退票分析系统

为了解决南京地铁AFC(自动售检票)系统需要人工退票的缺陷,提高工作效率,提出并实现了一种基于屏幕捕获算法的退票分析系统,分析了其算法的系统流程、数据流以及算法时间复杂度。通过实际使用测算,使用该系统退票分析效率可提高88%,误差率几乎为0,大大提高了工作效率。     

客专和普速四线并行区段CTC工程建设研究

阐述信息化对铁路现代化的重要意义,介绍广深线路和运输作业的复杂性,以及广深线CTC系统的主要功能。针对广深线CTC系统功能创新,进行详细的分析。最后,总结和讨论CTC系统的应用前景。     

Impact Analysis of the Reduction Effect for Reducing Joint Position of Stick-slip Fault TunnelEI北大核心

Research purposes: Based on an engineering of traffic tunnel, anti-breaking model experiment of large-scale 1 :30 is carried out under fault dislocation. Reduction effect of three working conditions(working condition A of no reducing joint, B of staggered setting of reducing joint and dislocation surface, C of reducing joint set at dislocation position) is comparatively analyzed by analysis of contact pressure, lining strain and lining stress. The optimal location of reduction joint is explored. Research conclusions:(1)The reduction effect of different position of reducing joint is different, such as A相似文献   

基于GIS的东北地区铁路运输空间极化动力机制分析

以东北铁路区段客、货流密度、线路矢量数据和东北城市(地级以上)的人口和经济统计数据为基础,运用克吕金插值方法分析东北铁路客、货运输的空间极化格局,并借助于GIS手段,利用空间相关分析、时序分析与对比分析等方法,探讨形成该格局的主要动力机制。分析认为,1990～2005年,东北城市发展、区域经济与人口增长是铁路运输空间极化的主要动力。客、货流密度极化的动力机制有所不同,货流密度的分布受区域内所有地级市的影响较大,整体性和层次性较多,并形成以哈尔滨和沈阳为中心的"两极"格局;而客流密度的分布受4大城市(哈尔滨、长春、沈阳、大连)的影响较强,形成以哈大线、沈山线为主轴的屋脊状格局,比较简明。并且,东北区域的发展促进货流密度的空间极化,而对客流密度的空间极化有减缓作用。铁路提速和振兴东北老工业基地政策等因素,对东北铁路客、货运输的空间极化格局也具有一定的影响。     

Apriori and N-gram Based Chinese Text Feature Extraction Method

A feature extraction, which means extracting the representative words from a text, is an important issue in text mining field. This paper presented a new Apriori and N-gram based Chinese text feature extraction method, and analyzed its correctness and performance. Our method solves the question that the exist extraction methods cannot find the frequent words with arbitrary length in Chinese texts. The experimental results show this method is feasible.     

Combustion optimization model for NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> reduction with an improved particle swarm optimization

Abstract: This paper focuses on the combustion optimization to cut down NO _x emission with a new strategy. Firstly, orthogonal experimental design (OED) and chaotic sequences are introduced to improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then, a predicting model for NO _x emission is established on support vector machine (SVM) whose parameters are optimized by the improved PSO. Afterwards, a new optimization model considering coal quantity and air quantity along with the traditional optimization variables is established. At last, the operating parameters are optimized by the improved PSO to cut down the NO _x emission. An application on 600MW unit shows that the new optimization model can cut down NO _x emission effectively and maintain the load balance well. The NO _x emission optimized by the improved PSO is lowest among some state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms. This study can provide important guides for the low NO _x combustion in the power plant.     

公交停靠站停靠时间特征分析

公交停靠站停靠时间的研究有着重要的实用价值。在分析影响公交停靠时间的各个因素后,根据实地调查数据统计分析各个影响因素对停靠时间的影响特征,并在此基础上提出减少公交停靠时间延误的对策。     

老年收缩期高血压患者左心室收缩功能与24h动态血压的关系

以超声心动图和动态血压监测技术研究了３７例老年收缩期高血压患者左心室收缩功能（ＬＶＳＦ）与２４ｈ动态收缩压（ＡＳＢＰ）的关系。结果表明：患者的主动脉血流峰值流速（ＡＯ－ＰＦＶ）高于正常。ＡＯ－ＰＦＶ与收缩压（ＳＢＰ）呈正相关，与２４ｈＡＳＢＰ平均值，上午６：００～９：００ＡＳＢＰ平均值的关系较与偶测ＳＢＰ以及清醒和睡眠期ＡＳＢＰ的平均值的关系密切。提示ＳＢＰ持续升高和ＳＢＰ的峰值较高是患者ＡＯ－ＰＦＶ增高的主要原因。ＡＯ－ＰＦＶ增高是ＬＶＳＦ的代偿性改变。