两种直接波浪能转换系统性能的比较:阿基米德波浪摆和波能浮筒(英文)

Many wave energy conversion devices have not been well received. The main reasons are that they are too complicated and not economical. However, in the last two decades direct conversion systems have drawn the attention of researchers to their widely distributed energy source due to their simple structure and low cost. The most well-known direct conversion systems presently in use include the Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) and Power Buoy (PB). In this paper, these two systems were simulated in the same conditions and their behaviors were studied in different wave conditions. In order to verify the simulations, results of the generator of the finite element computations were followed. An attempt was made to determine the merits and drawbacks of each method under different wave conditions by comparing the performance of the two systems. The wave conditions suitable for each system were specified.     

双通线加热的热力学及实验分析(英文)

The present investigation deals with process analysis of oxy-acetylene flame assisted double pass line heating for varying plate thickness. oxy-acetylene flame as the heat source for multi pass line heating to achieve 3-D bending of plates with varying thicknesses was studied. The oxy-acetylene flame was modeled as the moving heat source in the FEM analysis. The transient thermal histories were predicted taking into account the temperature dependent thermo-mechanical properties. A comparative study between single pass and double pass line heating residual deformation was also carried out. The temperature distribution and residual deformations predicted by the numerical model developed in the present work compared fairly well with those of the experimental ones.     

Experimental Investigation of TARMAX Model for Modeling of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinder-like Structures

A new approach that models lift and drag hydrodynamic force signals operating over cylindrical structures was developed and validated. This approach is based on stochastic auto regressive moving average with exogenous (ARMAX) input and its time-varying form, TARMAX. Model structure selection and parameter estimation were discussed while considering the validation stage. In this paper, the cylindrical structure was considered as a dynamic system with an incoming water wave and resulting forces as the input a...     

采取使用措施降低废气排放中的颗粒数

日益收紧的轿车废气排放限值对发动机的开发不断提出新的挑战。欧5排放标准首次对汽油机实施颗粒质量排放限值,紧接着从欧6排放标准起,在颗粒质量排放限值的基础上,又首次实施颗粒数排放限值。AVL公司已研究了降低机内原始颗粒排放的可能性,开发了未来的减排方案,并证实采取使用措施能够降低颗粒排放。     

建模技术在涡轮增压汽油机中的应用

一维发动机建模精度和计算速度的提高使发动机在开发过程中可以更大程度地依赖这种仿真技术。建模的效益体现在诸多方面:增加模拟迭代次数,以实现更好的优化;减少硬件原型迭代数,以缩短项目开发的时间和降低总成本。在最初设计阶段和整个项目中,都采用涡轮增压发动机系统的一维GT-Power模型进行辅助设计。该模型是采用Chrysler集团预测燃烧和爆燃的专利建模软件开发的。在这个项目的所有阶段,通过对预测结果与测功器数据进行系统地研究,提高了模型的精度。研究重点是通过一维GT-Power模型优化与测功器试验相结合,选择发动机压缩比和涡轮增压器,并减小各循环间变动和缸内变动。在出现上述变动时,发现从进气门和排气门倒流的残余废气、冷却的再循环废气、空气与燃油的混合气(仅针对进气道燃油喷射发动机)在本循环及下一个循环被重新分配到每个气缸。因此,进气门和排气门的倒流是导致在每个气缸中产生变动的主要因素之一。据此,通过一维GT-Power模型优化,并结合气门设计工程师的输入参数,设计了1组新的气门升程曲线。结果表明,使用该方法后,在燃油耗、废气再循环耐受性和发动机稳定性及发动机性能改善方面均产生了效益。     

混合废气再循环在直接喷射汽油机上的应用

混合废气再循环系统是指将高压-废气再循环与低压-废气再循环组合在一起.正如BorgWarner公司所指出的那样,这种众所周知的柴油机技术也能应用于汽油机,以降低整个特性曲线范围内的燃油耗和废气排放.     

钢轨磨削的效果

打磨对减少钢轨表面发生缺陷频率的作用已经得到了试验结果的证实.这些试验是在北美铁路的一级线路区段上进行的,历时多年,试验总里程达到数千公里.