Assessing traveler responsiveness to land and location based accessibility and mobility solutions

In this paper, a joint multinomial logit (MNL) model of residential location and vehicle availability choice is formulated and estimated using a sample of households from the San Francisco, CA area Metropolitan Transportation Commission's 1990 household travel survey. Subsequently, models of travel intensity (number of daily household trips and vehicle-miles traveled) are estimated as a function of household characteristics and of attributes derived from the joint residential location and auto availability choice model (number of vehicles, percent land developed). A policy test shows that reducing the cost of locating in the densest areas of the metropolitan area is likely to have only marginal impact on vehicle availability and household trip making.     

原创型根式基础关键施工工艺

根式基础是一种创新型基础形式,是在沉井井壁预留顶推孔,待沉井下沉到设计标高后,将预制好的根键顶入土中,在保证根键与沉井固结后形成的一种仿生基础.主要介绍马鞍山长江公路大桥根式基础关键施工环节的施工工艺,包括轻型根式沉井下沉方法、根键的顶推成套装置、根键顶推的工艺、根键顶推过程的止水等.     

桥梁检查和养护计划

一个好的已有桥梁的检查计划对及时有效地收集桥梁状态数据是十分重要的,检查计划一定是与对桥梁检查人员正确培训从而获得桥梁单元状况统一的评估和报告相联系的.良好和一致的数据对桥梁承载等级和承载能力评估是很重要的,并为系统的预防性养护计划提供输入信息.建立统一的国家级的桥梁检查和安全评估标准是很值得的.国家检查标准应包括检查的频率、数据的收集、检查人员的资格认证和培训要求.一个强大的系统预防性养护计划对确保桥梁的正常工作状态是必须的.经验显示预防性的养护是延长公路桥梁和结构使用寿命的一个经济的方法.一个养护计划应该使用有效的养护策略或最优化的程序从而在预防性养护行为的投资中获得最大的利益.由于桥梁数量和年龄的增加,养护和保持桥梁使用性和状态的管理任务变得非常复杂、耗时和昂贵.因此需要一个结合了系统预防性的养护实践、有效的桥梁管理系统和资产管理原则的桥梁养护计划,用来帮助桥梁所有者制定可靠的技术和财政决定保持一座桥梁或一个桥梁网的使用性和结构健康.     

基于底盘集成控制的人-车闭环系统对提高车辆操纵稳定性和路径跟踪能力的效果研究

基于线性矩阵不等式方法,设计了一种集成后轮主动转向、纵向驱动力补偿和直接横摆力矩控制的底盘集成控制系统,叫底盘鲁棒模型匹配集成控制器(R-MMC).为全面验证底盘集成控制器对车辆操纵性能的提高,建立了基于参考向量场的驾驶员模型,并用它和R-MMC组成一个包含内、外两个环路的人-车闭环控制系统.通过驾驶员模型不参与控制下的非稳态侧风干扰试验和驾驶员模型参与控制的人-车闭环系统S弯道跟踪试验,验证了R-MMC不但能显著提高车辆的操纵稳定性和主动安全性,而且还可增强车辆的路径跟踪能力,降低驾驶员的劳动强度.     

Past,present, and future of the satellite-based automatic identification system: areas of applications (2004–2016)

In 2016, the world shipping fleet grew by 3.5%. Even if the annual growth rate remains at its lowest since 2013, the global situation is still in overcapacity (UNCTAD 2016). Ninety percent of global trade, by volume, is done by sea. Monitoring this fleet helps with vessel navigation, informing to help avoid critical situations such as collisions, accidents leading to oil pollution, grounding, or ships in distress, but also because traffic management in congested areas is essential. For system wide management, in regions such as MPAs (marine protected areas), conservation is the key factor, and movements can be monitored and analyzed in order to determine illegal or suspicious activities, or in order to limit and/or divert traffic, to mitigate the risks to species subject to protection. It is among these efforts that the automatic identification system (AIS) can play a key role. Since 2004, this VHF transceiver-based reporting system, imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), has shifted from a traditional vessel identification device to a tool used in a wide variety of applications. The most common uses are safety and security; these issues are quite visible in the media and may touch more people on a global scale (e.g., piracy, oil spills). Over the years, AIS has become, especially with the emergence of the satellite-based capture of the signal in 2011, a widely used tool for developing applications such as fisheries monitoring, marine conservation, air pollution forecasting and modeling, ballast water monitoring, invasive species transport, and many more. In this paper, we propose to review the peer-reviewed publications related to the uses and applications of the AIS.     

The role of incentives towards adolescents’ commitment to use public transport in Malaysia

This study examines the adoption of a travel behaviour modification programme to encourage sustainable mobility and public bus usage. Students from four schools in Penang Island were recruited and divided into two groups: Group 1 (without incentives) and Group 2 (with incentives). In the experiment, after having a motivation session about sustainable transport, the respondents were asked to design their travel patterns for seven days. The next session gathered data about their actual travel and asked for feedback regarding the programme. The results demonstrate that incentives encouraged respondents to follow their plans for travel behaviour and public bus usage. The results highlight that their commitment to follow their travel plans were influenced by ethnicity, distance from home to school, travel time, and household income. The study offers some discussion regarding the implications of the results for strengthening sustainable mobility and encouraging public bus use among adolescents.     

Effect of injection angle on artificial cavitation using the design of experiment method

Using the supercavitation phenomenon is necessary to reach high velocities underwater. Supercavitation can be achieved in two ways: natural and artificial. In this article, the simulation of flows around a torpedo was studied naturally and artificially. The validity of simulation using theoretical and practical data in the natural and artificial phases was evaluated. Results showed that the simulations were consistent with the laboratory results. The results in different injection coefficient rates, injection angles, and cavitation numbers were studied. The obtained results showed the importance of cavitation number, injection rate coefficient, and injection angle in cavity shape. At the final level, determining the performance conditions using the Design of Experiment (DOE) method was emphasized, and the performance of cavitation number, injection rate coefficient, and injection angle in drag and lift coefficient was studied. The increase in injection angle in the low injection rate coefficient resulted in a diminished drag coefficient and that in the high injection rate coefficient resulted in an enhanced drag coefficient.     

Making mode detection transferable: extracting activity and travel episodes from GPS data using the multinomial logit model and Python

The increasing popularity of global positioning systems (GPSs) has prompted transportation researchers to develop methods that can automatically extract and classify episodes from GPS data. This paper presents a transferable and efficient method of extracting and classifying activity episodes from GPS data, without additional information. The proposed method, developed using Python®, introduces the use of the multinomial logit (MNL) model in classifying extracted episodes into different types: stop, car, walk, bus, and other (travel) episodes. The proposed method is demonstrated using a GPS dataset from the Space-Time Activity Research project in Halifax, Canada. The GPS data consisted of 5127 person-days (about 47 million points). With input requirements directly derived from GPS data and the efficiency provided by the MNL model, the proposed method looks promising as a transferable and efficient method of extracting activity and travel episodes from GPS data.     

Developing an activity-based trip generation model for small/medium size planning agencies

The primary shortcoming of traditional four-step models is that they cannot capture derived travel demand behaviors. However, travel demand modeling (TDM) is an essential input for urban transportation planning. TDM needs to be highly precise and accurate by integrating the accurate base year estimation along with suitable alternatives. Currently, activity-based models (ABMs) have been developed mostly for large metropolitan planning organizations (MPO), whereas smaller/medium-sized MPOs typically lack these models. The main reason for this disparity in ABM development is the complexity of the models and the cost and data requirements needed. We posit however that smaller MPOs could develop ABMs from traditional travel surveys. Therefore, the specific aim of this paper is to develop a probabilistic home-based destination activity trip generation model considering travel time behavior. Results show that the developed model can significantly capture the actual number of trip generations.     

Analysis of Wave Energy Resources Around the Saint Martin Island in Bangladesh

Saint Martin Island is the only coral island and one of the well-known tourist spots in Bangladesh. Because of its geographic location, electricity cannot be su...