风度A33型轿车发动机起动易熄火故障诊断分析

采用数据比较和零件互换的方法，分析了风度A33轿车发动机起动时易熄火故障产生的原因。指出对于电喷发动机轿车的故障诊断，首先要了解故障发生的条件、现象，必要时还要对故障加以验证；对于风度A33轿车，点火开关在“ON”位置处、空气流量计信号电压大于1．07V时，容易出现起动后熄火现象。     

克莱斯勒轿车无分电器点火系的故障诊断与检修

克莱斯勒汽车公司的君王、纽约客、LHS及前景牌轿车的3．3L、3．5L V6发动机均采用无分电器点火系。该点火系统由点火线圈组件、曲轴位置传感器、动力控制模块(PCM)、继电器等组成。介绍了发动机不能起动的检测与利用故障码诊断技术。另外，介绍了点火线圈的检查，曲轴位置传感器与凸轮轴位置传感器的检查，火花塞的检查方法等。     

筑路机械事故隐患分析与预防

与筑路机械相关的施工事故占道路施工事故中的绝大部分。因此，建立合理的筑路机械事故隐患分析与预防体系关系到施工企业、人员的切身利益。从筑路机械的设计拆卸安装、调试及使用中的各方面对事故隐患进行了分析，并阐述了事故预防体系。     

CAN局域网及J1939协议在货车和客车上的运用

叙述了CAN总线网络的特点及J1939协议的原理、内容及协议的应用。并设计最小节点实现应用J1939协议的CAN局域网的数据通信功能。     

柴油、乳化油和甲醇喷雾燃烧光强波的研究

探讨了柴油机燃烧光强波的性质。在不同压力、氧浓度的条件下，对柴油、乳化油、甲酵喷雾的燃烧光强波进行了测量分析。结果表明，柴油机的燃烧光强波所反应的是火焰内碳粒的氧化历程。对于不同的燃料，燃烧光强波的强弱并不仅仅取决于火焰中碳粒的数量，同时还取决于火焰中的氧浓度。     

Active Roll Control of Single Unit Heavy Road Vehicles

Summary Strategies are investigated for controlling active anti-roll systems in single unit heavy road vehicles, so as to maximise roll stability. The achievable roll stability improvements that can be obtained by applying active anti-roll torques to truck suspensions are discussed. Active roll control strategies are developed, based on linear quadratic controllers. It is shown that an effective controller can be designed using the LQG approach, combined with the loop transfer recovery method to ensure adequate stability margins. A roll controller is designed for a torsionally flexible single unit vehicle, and the vehicle response to steady-state and transient cornering manoeuvres is simulated. It is concluded that roll stability can be improved by between 26% and 46% depending on the manoeuvre. Handling stability is also improved significantly.     

Train scheduling simulation that minimises operational conflicts due to service constraints

This paper presents an attempt made to facilitate re‐scheduling of trains to minimize operational delays and accommodate uniform headways for off peak sub urban services subject to resource constraints such as locomotive availability, poor track conditions and stations without siding facilities. The paper describes the computer simulation model designed to optimize train schedules on single‐track rail lines. Using this simulation program it is possible to plan and optimize timetables for railway networks with train runs within short time periods for both single track and double track conditions. The paper describes the capabilities of presenting the results of the simulation runs. These include the time‐distance graph, the network with train movements, dialog boxes with information about selected trains. The programme is capable of changing the starting point, departure time, train destinations and adding or deleting a stop etc. from the user interface. Four objects of array variables are used in the simulation process to keep train and station data. Two object arrays are used for the train movements in up and down directions. The stations' data are stored in the other two object arrays. One of these arrays of stations contains all the stations of the line while the other one contains only the stations with siding facilities. A case study that covers a 61 km long single‐track line with 14 stations is presented to highlight the model capabilities.     

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-Drive Buses and Potential Fuel Savings in Brazilian Urban Transit

Transporting more than 55 million passengers per day, buses are the main transit mode in Brazil. Most of these vehicles use diesel oil and this situation causes dependence on oil, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and increasing air pollution in urban areas. In order to improve this situation the options for Brazilian cities include the use of alternative fuels and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrid vehicles. This article proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of a recently developed Brazilian hybrid-drive technology. A simple procedure is presented to compare hybrid-drive buses with conventional diesel buses in urban operation focusing on fuel economy and the potential for reducing diesel oil consumption through the use of hybrid-drive buses. Field tests carried out by the authors indicate that fuel consumption improvement through the use of hybrid-drive buses would certainly exceed 20%, resulting in lower fuel costs and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

Hub location with flow economies of scale

A characteristic feature of hub and spoke networks is the bundling of flows on the interhub links. This agglomeration of flows leads to reduced travel costs across the interhub links. Current models of hub location do not adequately model the scale economies of flow that accrue due to the agglomeration of flows. This paper shows that current hub location models, by assuming flow-independent costs, not only miscalculate total network cost, but may also erroneously select optimal hub locations and allocations. The model presented in this paper more explicitly models the scale economies that are generated on the interhub links and in doing so provides a more reliable model representation of the reality of hub and spoke networks.