集装箱列车通过隧道气动阻力影响因素分析

采用三维粘性、可压缩、非定常流的N-S方程,分别考虑列车速度、阻塞比和隧道长度对双层集装箱列车所受气动阻力的影响,用有限体积法对双层集装箱列车通过隧道时所受的气动阻力进行数值分析.分析结果表明:当列车进入隧道时,所受气动阻力急剧上升,其后,该气动阻力有些波动,但仍保持较高的气动阻力状态,为明线运行时的2～3倍;在同一运...     

Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) and preferred scale of container terminals

The decision on the scale of a port terminal affects the terminal’s managerial, operational and competitive position in all the phases of its life. It also affects competition structures in the port in which the terminal is operating, and has a potential impact on other terminals. Port authorities and terminal operators need to know the scale of the terminal when engaging in concession agreements. In economic theory the scale of a plant/firm is typically defined in relation to the Minimum Efficient Scale (MES), the long-run output where the internal economies of scale are fully exploited. However, there are a number of theoretical and empirical indications that in ports the scale of a terminal is commonly guided by a combination of the MES and other determining factors. The “preferred” scale is the result of a complex interaction between the MES, the port governance framework and objectives, the market size and structure, technological change and operational considerations, physical and geographical limitations, and the business patterns of shipping lines. This study analyses the factors resulting in a preferred container terminal scale that in most of the times is different from the MES. The analysis of the technical, market-related and governance-related factors is supported by theoretical and empirical insights that illustrate the presence of a range of actual ”preferred” scales of terminal concessions that usually are different, below or above, MES.     

Strategic alliances in container liner shipping

The economic crisis in the years between 2008 and 2010 has demonstrated the necessity for substantial adjustments on behalf of container lines. Capacities were shifted quickly to emerging and less affected markets allowing a faster recovery of globally organized companies. This paper illustrates the dynamics in the container shipping market. Alongside the main characteristics of the Top 20 ocean shipping companies, liner services are described. These services are classified by geographic coverage and vessel deployment. In addition, this paper provides a better understanding of the collaboration among service providers. Starting from a general framework of co-operative liner services, in-depth analyses of the global alliances in liner shipping are obtained. These formations - Grand Alliance, New World Alliance and CKYH Alliance - are compared with alternative forms of collaboration in the liner shipping industry. The analysis of alliance announcements which are related to operational and strategic changes indicates that the “global alliances” cannot be regarded as closed corporate-like entities. In effect, service agreements are not only negotiated with the focal members of the specific alliance. Instead, every service is arranged individually and under specific conditions. By understanding the dynamics within alliances, we are able to develop an assessment relating to the stability of collaborations. Ultimately, these insights direct us to several paths for future research.     

模块化舱室的人员冲击损伤研究

在军用标准的理论基础上,对现有舱室和模块化舱室进行了冲击损伤计算,绘制出不同爆距下舰船服役人员损伤等级的关系曲线。研究结果显示,模块化舱室设计在各种程度损伤下对应的临界爆距均比传统设计舱室结构要小,安全性更强。模块化舱室不仅提高了舰船的抗冲击性能同时也很好的降低了人员的冲击损伤,提高了舰船的生命力。     

软土地基水下真空预压固结离心模型试验

采用新发明的真空吸水系统应用于离心机中,可以使土体产生向上渗流并模拟软土地基真空预压。为获得理想的水下真空预压固结对比效果,竖井采用2种不同井间距的砂井,密封膜采用完全覆盖的形式。用发明的装置产生水下真空得以模拟软土水下固结行为。介绍了模型制作、试验程序及真空发生系统,并分析了孔隙水压力、变形、不排水剪切强度的改变和不同井间距对固结速率的影响。     

苏州港张家港港区资源优化发展策略

分析苏州港张家港港区的发展现状及存在问题,展望其面临的发展机遇,提出资源优化发展策略:整合港口码头,提高岸线利用效率;拓展腹地,与周边港口错位发展;加强基础设施建设,建立多元化集疏运体系;提供优质高效的现代化服务,推进港口信息化建设;以大项目和龙头企业带动现代物流业发展;优化功能布局,全力转变港口发展方式。     

大型孤岛式石化码头设计

中海壳牌南海石化项目马鞭洲港区码头是典型的孤岛式码头,没有陆路通道与陆地相连.码头为桩基墩式结构、蝶形布置的开敞式码头,用于石化厂的原料接卸.该码头设计需要解决平面布局、码头供电、供水、交通、消防、通信、海底管线登陆等一系列问题,该码头成功的设计、建造度营运经验,可为类似工程提供参考.     

某高桩码头结构行车移动荷载分析

为了研究码头结构在上部刚架行车移动荷载作用下的结构安全性,针对某钢-混凝土混合刚架式高桩码头结构,建立桩基、周围土层、码头平台结构和上部刚架整体三维数值模型,并利用ANSYS有限元软件进行数值模拟.结果表明:码头结构最危险工况为南、北两侧行车同时移动到刚架水侧悬臂端并考虑大车刹车荷载;结构位移、应力及内力对南、北两侧大车同步同向运动工况敏感性较强;桩基轴力均为受压状态,岸侧E排桩体不存在上拔情况.这些认识可为同类高桩码头移动荷载分析和设计提供参考.     

软土地区大型船坞底板优化设计

采用PLAIXS软件分析了船坞开挖卸荷和坞墙侧限对底板承载力的影响,结果表明,目前底板设计没有考虑土体开挖的卸荷效应和坞墙的侧限效应显得过于保守。考虑桩土共同作用,用理论的方法分析了船坞底板的受力特性,得到了不同土层分布对底板沉降和土体荷载分担的影响。计算结果与有限元计算值进行对比分析,验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于DEA 的山东省港口与区域经济的协调发展

在分析港口与区域经济互动发展的基础上,构建了基于DEA模型的港口城市经济和港口有效性的横向评价模型及随时间动态变化的港口与区域经济互动的纵向评价模型。横向评价结果表明:青岛属于港口和城市经济双有效城市;威海属于城市经济有效,港口无效型城市;烟台和日照则属于双无效城市;各港口发展程度各异,全省经济发展不平衡,存在着较大的地区差异。纵向评价结果表明:2000—2009年港口与区域经济未能实现系统双向有效协调。在此评价基础上,提出了促进山东省港口与区域经济协调发展的针对性战略举措。