基于离散事件模拟沥青路面施工对环境的影响

为了降低沥青路面施工过程中能耗及温室气体和污染物排放, 建立了基于离散事件模拟的沥青路面施工环境影响计算模型, 利用概率分布函数和逻辑语句将施工步骤抽象化, 应用图形化离散事件模拟软件构建了沥青路面施工离散事件模型, 将Nonroad计算模型植入, 进行了不同温室气体和污染物的动态计算, 并对比了不同施工情况的模拟排放结果。分析结果表明: 运料车将沥青混合料运输至摊铺现场的过程为沥青路面施工的主要能耗源, 为总能耗的44%, 摊铺过程与运料车返回过程的能源消耗分别为总能耗的32%、12%;温室气体与污染物排放的主要施工步骤为运输和摊铺过程, 占排放总量的50%以上; 摊铺与压实过程产生的排放物主要为NO_x, 运输过程产生的排放物主要为CO₂; 对施工工艺进行调整, 使用不间断摊铺施工会明显减少NO_x的排放, 减排量约为15%;在施工设备方面, 适当增大摊铺设备的容量会减少CO₂和HC的排放, 前者减排量约为25%, 后者约为17%。可见, 基于离散事件模拟沥青路面施工环境影响计算模型, 可量化沥青路面施工过程的能耗及温室气体和污染物排放, 优化沥青路面施工技术方案。     

多点随机需求的分布式预置储备

考虑重点方向或区域中, 各重要隘口、通道、敏感地带等突发事件之间的关联性(连锁反应的可能性) 和需求的随机性, 在多个预置储备仓库构成储备网络和多个需求点组成需求网络的条件下, 研究了用储备网络保障需求网络的预置储备规模和储备分布优化问题, 分析了需求网络在各点突发事件和需求随机下总需求的分布特征; 在保证预置储备规模有效性、经济性与储备分布合理性的基础上, 建立了给定安全保障概率下的储备规模模型和过程响应准则下的分布式储备模型(统称储备模型); 根据模型特征将分布式储备模型分解为双层模型, 对随机需求采用样本化处理, 并在此基础上建立了针对性的遗传-模拟退火算法求解双层模型; 基于变异系数的概念, 提出了针对突发事件和需求随机的储备方案稳健性指标, 对储备模型及其算法进行了稳健性分析, 并通过案例应用验证了储备模型及其算法的有效性。研究结果表明: 相较于就近分区准则, 储备规模模型及其算法能在确保安全保障概率的前提下将储备规模降低约1/3;相较于极大极小化准则, 过程响应准则下的分布式储备方案可使首批物资响应时间减少11%, 使90%物资的响应时间减少21%;在面临需求网络中突发事件和需求的随机性波动时, 储备方案的波动幅度不超过需求波动的80%, 体现了较好的稳健性。     

Decomposing and Cluster Refinement Design Method for Application-Specific Network-on-Chips

Along with higher and higher integration of intellectual properties (IPs) on a single chip, traditional bus-based system-on-chips (SoC) meets several design difficulties (such as low scalability, high power consumption, packet latency and clock tree problem). As a promising solution, network-on-chips (NoC) has been proposed and widely studied. In this work, a novel algorithm for NoC topology synthesis, which is decomposing and cluster refinement (DCR) algorithm, has been proposed to minimize the total power consumption of application-specific NoC. This algorithm is composed of two stages: decomposing with cluster generation, and cluster refinement. For partitioning and cluster generation, an initial low-power solution for NoC topology is generated. For cluster refinement, the clustering is optimized by performing floorplan to further reduce power consumption. Meanwhile, a good tradeoff between power consumption and CPU time can be achieved. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing work.     

Research on Web Page Classification Method Based on Query Log

Web page classification is an important application in many fields of Internet information retrieval, such as providing directory classification and vertical search. Methods based on query log which is a light weight version of Web page classification can avoid Web content crawling, making it relatively high in efficiency, but the sparsity of user click data makes it difficult to be used directly for constructing a classifier. To solve this problem, we explore the semantic relations among different queries through word embedding, and propose three improved graph structure classification algorithms. To reflect the semantic relevance between queries, we map the user query into the low-dimensional space according to its query vector in the first step. Then, we calculate the uniform resource locator (URL) vector according to the relationship between the query and URL. Finally, we use the improved label propagation algorithm (LPA) and the bipartite graph expansion algorithm to classify the unlabeled Web pages. Experiments show that our methods make about 20% more increase in F1-value than other Web page classification methods based on query log.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

Research on Spatially Adaptive High-Order Total Variation Model for Weak Fluorescence Image Restoration

Photoacoustic imaging acquires the absorption contrast of biological tissue with ultrasound resolution. It has been broadly investigated in biomedicine for animal and clinical studies. Recently, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) scanner has been utilized in photoacoustic imaging systems to enhance their performance and extend the realm of applications. The review provides a recap of recent developments in photoacoustic imaging using MEMS scanner, from instrumentation to applications. The topics include the design of MEMS scanner, its use in photoacoustic microscopy, miniature imaging probes, development of dual-modality systems, as well as cutting-edge bio-imaging studies.     

新冠肺炎交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响

为探究新冠肺炎疫情下交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响,本文根据长沙市在新冠 肺炎疫情期间颁布的交通防控政策和疫情实时防控情况划分防控阶段,基于百度迁徙大数据,利 用双重差分模型,识别长沙市不同阶段的交通防控政策以及量化防控效果,分析交通防控政策对 长沙市人口流动的影响。结果显示,长沙市在交通管制阶段,平均人口迁出强度、平均人口迁入 强度及城市内部出行强度分别下降了83.68%、69.24%及59.74%,有效地控制了人口流动,降低了 疫情扩散危险。在交通恢复阶段,长沙市人口流动强度逐渐反弹,城市内部出行强度基本恢复到 2019年同期水平。本文研究结果显示了交通管制对疫情扩散限制的有效性,为常态化疫情防控 下精准防控政策和复工复产政策制定提供参考。     

基于大数据的交通拥堵影响因素关联性实证分析

为提升城市交通治理水平,基于大数据技术获取广州市62个交通分区的拥堵指数、人口密度、就业密度、职住平衡率等9个指标数据,采取归纳法将各指标归纳为设施不便利程度、人口岗位综合密度、对外分布影响因子、过境交通因子四大综合指标,利用SPSS软件分析交通拥堵指数与四大综合指标的关联性.结果表明,交通设施越不便利、人口岗位综合密...     

地铁钢轨波磨的基本特征、形成机理和治理措施综述

对世界各国地铁钢轨波磨的基本特征进行了系统梳理,总结了其普遍性与时间集中性,及其与曲线、轨道结构、车辆及其他因素相关性等典型特征,并对其分类方法、形成机理和治理措施进行了综合评述。研究结果表明：钢轨波磨普遍存在于地铁与有轨电车线路中,在新线开通初期与线路改造初期最为严重;一般而言,相对于直线和大半径曲线,小半径曲线的钢轨波磨最为普遍,低轨侧波磨波长短,幅值大,但也有例外,部分大半径曲线及直线上也有分布;波磨的波长特征和发展速度与轨道结构密切相关,轨道结构及部件不匹配时,易出现快速发展的波磨;车轮踏面廓形、轮对定位、悬挂刚度与簧下质量等车辆结构参数会对波磨萌生、发展与表现特征产生影响;波磨的产生还可能与钢轨材质、牵引和制动、运行环境、湿度及摩擦因数有关。地铁钢轨波磨的形成机理主要基于轮轨系统共振、轮轨黏滑(摩擦自激)振动、钢轨振动波反射等理论,对波磨形成过程的纵向动力学影响与系统非线性因素考虑不完善,关于黏滑自激振动与轮轨负摩擦特性对波磨影响的认识还不统一,难以解释直线以及曲线高低轨波磨特征的差异等,对波磨的形成和发展缺乏理论上的主动预测和试验验证;各国主要以钢轨打磨来控制波磨发展,通过调节轨道结构、运行环境,采用钢轨吸振器和轮轨摩擦调节装置,以及优化车辆设计等主动措施来控制波磨的研究仍需进一步开展;未来应针对车辆-轨道系统的动态特性以及实际运行工况下的轮轨微观接触行为和黏滑自激振动特性,开展车辆-轨道系统的轮轨动态磨耗演化仿真,掌握地铁钢轨波磨形成机理和关键因素影响规律,提出控制地铁钢轨波磨的主动措施和轮轨匹配优化设计原则。     

大型体育赛事交通战略研究

大型体育赛事对城市客运交通和物流保障等方面带来巨大挑战,迫切需要城市政府制定相关交通战略.基于大型体育赛事交通需求构成和特征分析,从短时高强度客流、高品质交通保障能力、绿色交通等方面研讨赛事给城市交通带来的挑战.为应对这些挑战,需要从城市和赛事两方面制定对应战略.城市层面,需要着眼于长远发展目标,以赛事为契机推动空间结...