未知时变扰动和输入饱和下的智能船舶鲁棒非线性控制

复杂海况下环境多变并且船舶具有多耦合、强非线性的特点,针对智能船舶定位控制问题,考虑在未知时变扰动和输入饱和约束之下船舶的定位控制问题,结合非线性扰动观测器提出一种带辅助动态系统的鲁棒非线性控制算法。通过Lyapunov理论证明了所提出的非线性扰动观测器与控制器结合后闭环系统的稳定性和信号的一致最终有界性。利用非线性扰动观测器对环境中存在的海浪扰动进行有效的估计处理。最后,通过仿真验证了所提出的控制算法不仅能保证船舶期望的位置和艏向,而且提高了控制速度,具有较好的控制性能。     

生态加筋土挡墙在高填方给水工程中的应用研究

针对市政给水等工程中出现的高填方区域,部分挡墙的设计高度超过12 m,甚至达到20~30 m,其自身的稳定、安全在工程设计中至关重要。鉴于实际工程建设中诸多因素的制约和影响,结合山东省某山地净水厂工程实例,围绕生态加筋土挡墙的设计与应用,以传统重力式挡墙为对照,从结构特点、稳定性、经济性、生态性及施工难度等方面进行了全面分析研究,并总结了生态加筋土挡墙在高填方给水工程中应用的优势,可为类似工程提供参考、借鉴。     

润滑机理对汽车发动机性能的影响综述

发动机作为汽车中最为复杂精密的机电一体部件,长时间处于高温、高压、高磨损运行工况,且需要满足长寿命、高效率、低能耗、强动力、低污染等一系列标准指标,而汽车发动机运转时零件间的摩擦以及燃烧等产生的颗粒都会对其性能造成恶劣影响,所以润滑对于发动机性能提升尤为重要。综述当前汽车发动机润滑机理,分析润滑油在使用过程中对发动机动力、油耗和排放的影响,并且在最后设想一种新的润滑机理,以弥补发动机的制造缺陷和颗粒的影响,改善汽车发动机的关键性能。     

简述环保型多功能绞吸船结合土工管袋河道清淤

采用环保型多功能绞吸船结合土工管袋施工方法,通过施工实践过程中优化设计设备指标、施工作业流程,结果表明,所引进的环保绞吸船作业效率可达40 m^3/h,充灌经排水后淤泥含水率可达80%以下。该清淤工艺的成功应用,可为类似工程标准化施工提供借鉴依据。同时建议对绞吸船的船舶时利率进行统计计算,积累实践经验,为采用该工艺时的施工计划编排、成本测算等方面提供依据。     

Calibrating a transit assignment model using smart card data in a large-scale multi-modal transit network

This paper describes a practical automated procedure to calibrate and validate a transit assignment model. An optimization method based on particle swarm algorithm is adopted to minimize a defined error term. This error term which is based on the percentage of root mean square error and the mean absolute percent error encompasses deviation of model outputs from observations considering both segment level as well as the mode level and can be applied to a large scale network. This study is based on the frequency-based assignment model using the concept of optimal strategy while any transit assignment model can be used in the proposed methodological framework. Lastly, the model is validated using another weekday data. The proposed methodology uses automatic fare collection (AFC) data to estimate the origin–destination matrix. This study combines data from three sources: the general transit feed specification, AFC, and a strategic transport model from a large-scale multimodal public transport network. The South-East Queensland (SEQ) network in Australia is used as a case study. The AFC system in SEQ has voluminous and high quality data on passenger boardings and alightings across bus, rail and ferry modes. The results indicate that the proposed procedure can successfully develop a multi-modal transit assignment model at a large scale. Higher dispersions are seen for the bus mode, in contrast to rail and ferry modes. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the strategies used by passengers and the generated strategies by the model between each origin and destination to get more insights about the detailed behaviour of the model. Overall, the analysis indicates that the AFC data is a valuable and rich source in calibrating and validating a transit assignment model.

     

地铁隧道上方EPS轻质泡沫块桥坡填筑施工技术

EPS块即聚苯乙烯泡沫块,是一种轻质路基填料,具有超轻性、自立性、耐水性、施工简便等特点;同时EPS块可有效减轻路堤荷载,减少桥头路堤沉降,避免桥头跳车的发生。结合杨高路民生路跨线桥的桥坡填筑,对EPS轻质泡沫块的施工技术进行介绍和分析,并提出相应的技术措施。     

透水沥青路面结构与材料技术要求

传统的非透水路面易造成地下水位降低、水量分配不均衡、水质恶化、热岛效应等生态和环境问题。为了缓解这一系列问题,"海绵城市"的概念因此产生,即通过"渗、滞、蓄、净、用、排"等多种技术途径,实现城市良性水文循环,而这一概念的实现是采用透水路面。透水路面作为一种新型路面铺装技术,该研究对其路面结构和材料进行介绍,如能成功引用,将积极支撑起海绵城市的建设与发展,取得显著的环境和生态效益。     

交通职业技术学院学生职业价值观问题研究

市场经济所带来的多元化择业观念,使毕业生集体主义观念和社会责任感观念淡化,从而在就业选择上趋向于功利化、自我化。文章针对当前交通职业技术学院学生职业价值观的这一变化,分析学生现实型职业价值观与传统型职业价值观之旬的冲突,提出了交通职业技术学校在职业价值观教育方面应采取的措施。     

气液混输管道清管模型应用研究

清管球在管道中运行时,受到流体的阻力形成液塞.模拟液塞在管道中流动的模型主要有McDonald-Baker模型和Minami模型两大类,用于模拟管道内稳态和瞬态流动的流体.针对管道中气液两相流体,采用上述两类模型进行模拟计算,并与实验结果相比较,得出结论:对于精度要求较高的情况下,模拟两相流管道中的流体采用某一种清管模型不能满足精度要求,应根据管道中气液混合的速度和清管球的运行速度来确定,不同阶段,采用相对应的清管模型来计算管道清洗的时间和速度.     

The impact of climate change and weather on transport: An overview of empirical findings

This paper presents a survey of the empirical literature on the effects of climate change and weather conditions on the transport sector. Despite mixed evidence on many issues, several patterns can be observed. On a global scale especially shifts in tourism and agricultural production due to increased temperatures may lead to shifts in passenger and freight transport. The predicted rise in sea levels and the associated increase in frequency and intensity of storm surges and flooding incidences may furthermore be some of the most worrying consequences of climate change, especially for coastal areas. Climate change related shifts in weather patterns might also cause infrastructure disruptions. Clear patterns are that precipitation affects road safety by increasing accident frequency but decreasing severity. Precipitation also increases congestion, especially during peak hours. Furthermore, an increased frequency of low water levels may considerably increase costs of inland waterway transport. Despite these insights, the net impact of climate change on generalised costs of the various transport modes are uncertain and ambiguous, with a possible exception for inland waterway transport.