A simulation-based probabilistic design method for arctic sea transport systems

When designing an arctic cargo ship, it is necessary to consider multiple stochastic factors. This paper evaluates the merits of a simulation-based probabilistic design method specifically developed to deal with this challenge. The outcome of the paper indicates that the incorporation of simulations and probabilistic design parameters into the design process enables more informed design decisions. For instance, it enables the assessment of the stochastic transport capacity of an arctic ship, as well as of its long-term ice exposure that can be used to determine an appropriate level of ice-strengthening. The outcome of the paper also indicates that significant gains in transport system cost-efficiency can be obtained by extending the boundaries of the design task beyond the individual vessel. In the case of industrial shipping, this allows for instance the consideration of port-based cargo storage facilities allowing for temporary shortages in transport capacity and thus a reduction in the required fleet size / ship capacity.     

Integrated analysis of land-use and transport policy interventions

Analysing the impact of urban policy interventions on urban growth, land use and transport (LUT) is crucial for urban planners, transport planners and policy-makers, especially in rapidly growing cities. This paper presents a cellular automata-based land-use/transport interaction model – Metronamica-LUTI – for Jeddah that is used to analyse the impact of different proposed policy interventions under two urban growth scenarios for the period 2011–2031. Used as an integrated policy impact assessment tool, the model demonstrates a strong reciprocal relationship between LUT in Jeddah. This study shows that relevant spatial information and integrated policy impact assessment can provide rich insights into the interaction between LUT, the appropriate policy to consider in place and time which traditional planning practice and typical static urban models cannot do.     

Synergies between Adjacent Beach-Nourishing Communities in a Morpho-Economic Coupled Coastline Model

Beach “nourishment” consists of placing sand on an eroding beach. The widened beach provides increased storm protection to adjacent structures and improved recreational benefits, but is most often transient, requiring on-going, repeated nourishment episodes. Numerical models of beach nourishment typically address such questions as how long a widened beach will last; economic models compare the benefits and costs of preserving a stretch of beach without regard to its geomorphic evolution. Neither have addressed the physical nor economic interactions between adjacent nourishing communities. Here, we couple a numerical model of coastline evolution and a cost-benefit model of beach nourishment, allowing adjacent communities to make dynamic nourishment decisions. Beach nourishment benefits adjacent communities both “updrift” and “downdrift.” The total amount of money spent on nourishment activities can decrease by as much as 25% when adjacent communities both conduct on-going nourishment projects, as opposed to the case where each community nourishes in isolation.     

Numerical analysis of ducted propeller performance under open water test condition

This paper investigates the open water performance of the Ka-series propellers at various pitch and expanded area ratios in combination with the 19A duct by employing the panel method panMARE and the RANSE code ANSYS-CFX. An efficient method, Caly, is developed in order to generate the 3D-geometry and the surface numerical grid of the ducted propellers. Caly can be coupled with ANSYS-TurboGrid to automatically produce 3D-grids for the RANSE solver. The numerical results are compared with published experimental data and the flow details are concluded and compared. The influences that the grid resolution, the panel arrangements of duct and blade, and the flow in gap between inside wall of the duct and blade tip on the numerical results are studied. Grids verification, turbulence model dependency analysis and Reynolds number scantling are also discussed.     

Waterproofing Underground Structures:Lessons from the Past,Systems for the Future

The paper describes some of the key issues that need to be addressed in the design and execution of underground structures to ensure their long term suitability as watertight units and outlines through practical examples of structures that have not achieved their design requirements which situations need to be considered. Waterproofing is not an exact science but a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical experience based on the five key factors: Environment, Design, Materials, Application and Use of the Structure.In conclusion the paper outlines the advances in crack control to date that can provide the necessary long term guarantees.The adoption of re - injectable crack inducers permitted the Client to save over 10% on construction costs and reduced the construction time by six months.     

MANTO — a research project of telecommunication applications for the future information society

The impact of new technologies has been mostly under-estimated in the past and, as a result, the transitions from one era to another have occurred more or less by chance. The MANTO research project is intended to avoid mischances. So it indicates potential developments in the telecommunications sector and, in particular, investigates their effects upon transport and settlement and also upon society, the economy and the environment. Nevertheless, MANTO does not merely take a look at the future, like the Greek oracle from whom it takes its name; by means of concrete recommendations, MANTO is intended to provide persons in responsible positions with a tool with which they can consciously organise that future. Risky developments are to be precluded in advance while desirable consequences are to be promoted. Explanation of the used term: MANTO was the daughter of the famous prophet Teiresios of Theben and a seer herself too. As a (German) abbreviation MANTO also stands for: human being (Mensch), offer (Angebot) and needs (Nachfrage) for transportation and telecommunication (Transport und Telekommunikation), considering economy and ecology (Oekonomie und Oekologie).     

The measurement of accessibility: Some preliminary results

This paper presents an analysis of accessibility by private transport, using a Hansen type measure of accessibility. The data base is the 1962 London Travel Survey. The study is confined to car-owning households residing in inner London. A comparison of the patterns of accessibility associated with four measures of areal attractiveness - total employment, retail employment, households and population - is presented. The sensitivity of relative accessibilities to marginal changes in parameter values is analysed. Two aspects of the effect of the zoning system on the measurement of accessibility are investigated: the effects of zonal configuration and zonal aggregation. First, the implications of increasing the size of central area zones is analysed. Second, a comparison of patterns of accessibility calculated at the zonal and district levels is undertaken.[/p]     

实现化、实例化和个性化——系统功能语言学的三种层次关系

系统功能语言学已走过50多年的历程。50多年里,首先研究的主要是语言系统层次的实现化关系,后来研究与之互补的实例化关系。语言系统中包括音系字系系统、词汇语法系统和语篇语义系统。这三个系统层次是实现关系,语篇语义由词汇语法实现,词汇语法由音系字系实现。每个系统都受语域和语类的影响,从而产生不同的文本类型,文本就是语域和语类的实例化结果。但实现化和实例化对个体文本中意识形态和互文性的解读缺乏说服力,急需建构与它们互补的其他层次关系。本文是在介绍实现化和实例化的基础上推出个性化层次关系,从而丰富系统功能语言学对大语篇研究的理论框架。除了介绍三种层次关系外,还通过实例分析来验证三种互补层次关系的可用性。     

New level of vehicle comfort and vehicle stability via utilisation of the suspensions anti-dive and anti-squat geometry

In this article a novel vehicle dynamics control concept is designed for a vehicle equipped with wheel individual electric traction machines, electronically controlled brakes and semi-active suspensions. The suspension's cross-couplings between traction forces and vertical forces via anti-dive and anti-squat geometry is utilised in the control concept to improve driving comfort and driving stability. The control concept is divided into one main and two cascaded branches. The main controller consists of a multivariable vehicle dynamics controller and a control allocation scheme to improve the vehicle's driving comfort. The cascaded feedback loops maintain the vehicle's stability according to wheel slip and vehicle sideslip. The performance of the combined vehicle dynamics controller is compared to a standard approach in simulation. It can be stated that the controller piloting semi-active suspensions together with brake and traction devices enables a superior performance regarding comfort and stability.     

供应商联手打造汽车乘员安全

汽车零部件供应商、高校研究者和政府机构。正以分享先进技术的方式,共同探寻拯救生命的安全技术。