Investigation into the development of a bus electrical cooling fan system

Manufacturers of commercial vehicles are facing a substantial increase of heat release into their cooling systems. The main sources for this increase are more stringent emissions leading to new combustion technologies and the increased power of these engines. The total increase in the cooling requirement may be up to 20% over the current level. At the same time, the noise levels must be decreased, and fuel economy has to improve. This forces manufacturers to consider new concepts and optimize the efficiency of the cooling system. A bus engine cooling fan system is one of the main means of vehicular fuel efficiency reduction. This is becoming a major factor in city noise, and the necessity of electromagnetic technical development is very great. This study features a highly effective BLDC motor for engine cooling fans with high effectiveness and low noise, which is most suitable for fan blade technical development and cooling fan performance evaluation technical development.     

北京市铁路噪声特性实例分析研究

通过实际测量及数据分析，认为测量现场昼夜等效声级达到 ７７７ ｄ Ｂ（ Ａ），超过了国家标准；快速列车噪声频谱分布复杂，难以治理；列车鸣笛对铁路噪声超标贡献最大，验证了铁路噪声与列车车速的关系，最后提出控制铁路噪声的建议。     

Fleet deployment optimization models.Part 2

The fleet deployment problem for the one origin,one destination fixed-price contract requiring the transport of a given total amount of cargo within a given period is formulated and solved for the case that one or more cost components are given staircase functions of time. A computer program has been developed to implement the solution of this problem. The fleet deployment problem with one or more costs being random variables with known probability density functions is also formulated. Analytical expressions for hte basic probabilistic quantities, i.e the probability density function,the mean and the variance of the total operating cost, are presented. Finally, sample results are presented and discussed and some extensions for further research are suggested.     

Aircraft Landing Gear Dynamics: Simulation and Control

The landing gear is an inevitable system for the aircraft. It absorbs the energy of the landing impact and carries the aircraft weight at all ground operations, including take off, taxiing, and towing. Numerical simulation has become an invaluable tool for the assessment of landing gear dynamics as well as of aircraft/landing gear interaction. This paper gives an overview of the landing gear requirements and illustrates landing gear operational conditions, i.e., the shimmy problem, the dynamics at touch down and at ground roll. Furthermore, three software packages used in the simulation of aircraft ground dynamics are presented. A look at flight simulators and landing gear test facilities follows. Finally, the possible application of controlled landing gears is discussed.     

GIS and network models: Issues for three potential applications

Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are now being developed for urban transportation planning and modeling. Supporting other recent work, this paper demonstrates the combination of GIS and network-based, urban transportation planning (UTP) modeling software to create powerful tools for the analysis of policies and plans. Following a literature review and informal survey identifying GIS and UTP modeling software in use at transportation agencies, three applications of GIS for network modeling and relevant issues are discussed: 1) developing or modifying UTP models, 2) incorporating network data into a GIS framework, and 3) creating and using a high-speed interactive system suitable for providing near real-time alternatives and policy analysis. Some specific suggestions are made related to the use of two software products, and extensions to other platforms are noted. Conclusions allude to the potential of such systems while realistically pointing to the present difficulties and magnitude of effort that will be required.     

铁路货车防盗系统设计

针对铁路运输的货物在途中被盗现象，提出了货车、集装箱防盗系统的设计原理，给出了系统硬件结构示意图和软件设计框图并对其在 Ｔ Ｍ Ｉ Ｓ中的使用前景进行了展望。     

The transaction cost approach to modeling the demand for automobiles

The purchase of an automobile involves significant transaction costs in addition to the purchase price. Therefore, the assumptions implied by static car holding models are invalid. This paper describes a dynamic approach to the modeling of level-of-ownership and auto-type choice, based on a transaction choice model which utilizes information on past car ownership. The cost or disutility of a transaction depends on the attributes of the household and the purchased car, as well as on past car-ownership characteristics. A set of assumptions underlying the incorporation of transaction costs in the model is presented. The paper discusses the econometric implications of omitting the dynamic attributes (i.e., past ownership characteristics). A disaggregate model was estimated, using a choice-based sample consisting of a random sample of households enriched with a sample of households which transacted in the car market during the study period. This sampling method combined with a random choice of a subset of the car alternatives provides for a cost-effective method to estimate a transaction model.     

Assimilation of buoy and satellite data in wave forecasts with integral control variables

The quality of numerical wave forecasts can be improved significantly by assimilating wave observations prior to the forecast. In the present study a technique for such assimilation is developed that exploits (a) the efficiency of a limited number of integral control variables, and (b) the effectiveness of variational (model-consistent) assimilation. The formal procedure is independent of the type of control variables and of the wave model (moreover, no adjoint wave model is required). In the present study, integral control variables are chosen to represent large-scale errors in the driving wind fields and uncertainties in the wave model. The assimilation technique is validated with observations of the ERS-1 satellite altimeter and two waverider buoys in two consecutive storms in the Norwegian Sea. The assimilation of the observations reduced the errors in the forecasted significant wave height at the buoy locations typically from 25% to 12%. For low-frequency waves the effect of the assimilation is similarly significant at one buoy location but marginal at the other buoy location.     

An operational tanker scheduling optimization system: background, current practice and model formulation

We describe the operational tanker scheduling problem in detail, as it relates to Chevron Shipping Company. We review the literature and current Chevron practice. We develop a model for the scheduling situation, and describe an integer programming formulation for schedule optimization, including the feasible schedule generation process, for a realistic representation of the company scheduling practices.