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201.
W.Q. Yuan School of Materials Science Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hua Shan Road Shanghai P. R. China 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
lIntroductionTheCu26Zn-5Al-0.7Ti(wt%)allOysareshaPeIneInOryalloys.PolytwstallineshaPempalloysareingeneralusedinengineeringaPPlicatons.TheshapempeffectsarecloselyrelatedwiththetextUresforthesing1ecrystalshavetheshmplyanisotrOPicPfOPetw[l-3].ItwasshownthatextUredshaPempal1oyspossessedthebettershaPememOryeffectsthannontextUrdones[4].Cu-basedallOystendeasilytOgrowintolnyegrainsinhotrolling,andarenosultabletocoldrollingbecausethe0PhasehasalowmalleabilityatroomtemperatUre.FortheCuZnAlal… 相似文献
202.
Kees Maat Harry J.P. Timmermans 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2009,43(7):654-664
This paper analyses whether the decision to commute by car is influenced by built environment characteristics of residential neighbourhoods and, more especially, of work locations, taking into account interdependencies between household partners. It shows that the residential environment only affects car use among single-earners. Conversely, for all commuters, but in particular for dual-earners, characteristics of the work location affect whether they commute by car. Even in dual-earner households with two cars, work environment plays a role. We found that in cases of dual-earners with only one car, the partners with the longest commuting distances and the lowest density work locations are most likely to commute by car. Moreover, in households with young children, men are more inclined to leave the car at home. Other features relating to work also affect car commuting, including work flexibility and, especially, possession of a company car. We conclude that future policies aimed at reducing car use should place greater focus on work factors. 相似文献
203.
A review on travel behaviour modelling in dynamic traffic simulation models for evacuations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dynamic traffic simulation models are frequently used to support decisions when planning an evacuation. This contribution
reviews the different (mathematical) model formulations underlying these traffic simulation models used in evacuation studies
and the behavioural assumptions that are made. The appropriateness of these behavioural assumptions is elaborated on in light
of the current consensus on evacuation travel behaviour, based on the view from the social sciences as well as empirical studies
on evacuation behaviour. The focus lies on how travellers’ decisions are predicted through simulation regarding the choice
to evacuate, departure time choice, destination choice, and route choice. For the evacuation participation and departure time
choice we argue in favour of the simultaneous approach to dynamic evacuation demand prediction using the repeated binary logit
model. For the destination choice we show how further research is needed to generalize the current preliminary findings on
the location-type specific destination choice models. For the evacuation route choice we argue in favour of hybrid route choice
models that enable both following instructed routes and en-route switches. Within each of these discussions, we point at current
limitations and make corresponding suggestions on promising future research directions. 相似文献
204.
Adriano M. P. Santos Regina Salvador João C. Quaresma Dias 《Maritime Policy and Management》2018,45(5):684-698
This article presents a method of assessing the economic impacts of ports at both regional level and national level, through application of input–output analysis. To this end, a methodology for data collection is proposed, which combines a top-down with a bottom-up approach which should help in surpassing some of the difficulties commonly faced in port economic impact studies. The presented methodology allows port planners and policymakers to assess the economic significance and geographic reach of port investments. This study considers the economic impacts of the port cluster and the socio-economic significance of port user industries. The several layers of the analysis are kept separate to allow a better grasp of direct and indirect impacts. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a study of the Port of Lisbon, which confirms the significance of this port to the Portuguese economy, and also demonstrates that the influence of the Port of Lisbon is mostly limited to an area in close proximity to the port. Therefore, results suggest that investments for the development of logistic infrastructures associated with the port should concentrate in the immediate hinterland of the port. 相似文献
205.
HE15 is a heat treatable high strength alloy with excellent machinability find wide applications in aerospace and defence industries. In view of their excellent mechanical properties, workability, machinability, heat treatment characteristics and good resistance to general and stress corrosion cracking, MDN138 & MDN250 have been widely used in petrochemical, nuclear and aerospace industries. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of the metal combinations HE15 /MDN138 and HE15 /MDN250, with 1:1 area ratio, has been studied in natural seawater using the open well facility of CECRI’s Offshore Platform at Tuticorin for a year. The open circuit potentials of MDN138, MDN250 and HE15 of the individual metal, the galvanic potential and galvanic current of the couples HE15 /MDN138 and HE15 /MDN250 were periodically monitored throughout the study period. The calcareous deposits on MDN138 and MDN250 in galvanic contact with HE15 were analyzed using XRD. The electrochemical behaviors of MDN138, MDN250 and HE15 in seawater have been studied using an electrochemical work station. The surface characteristics of MDN138 and MDN250 in galvanic contact with HE15 have been examined with scanning electron microscope. The results of the study reveal that HE15 offered required amount of protection to MDN138 & MDN250. 相似文献
206.
Deng T.Jin Y.Wu P.Wei W.Cao Y. 《现代隧道技术》2018,(3):69-75
A systematic analysis and discussion of the causes of house cracking are conducted by testing the blast vibration velocity of typical neighboring houses, analyzing the types of house cracking, monitoring the characteris-tics of house cracks and calculating the temperature stress at the roof and wall based on an assessment of highway tunnel blasting vibrations leading to cracking of neighboring houses. The results show that the main cause of house cracking adjacent to the tunnel is temperature stress, not blasting vibration. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved. 相似文献
207.
A scheme for stopping water by freezing liquid nitrogen and replacing the tail brush is presented in light of the situation encountered at the Nanjing Weisanlu river-crossing tunnel, a long-distance shield driving tunnel characterized by serious water leakage, sand gushing and water inflow at the shield tail brush. The law of the tempera-ture change of the master outlet circuits and each branch circuit when using liquid nitrogen freezing to stop water un-der high water pressures and the temperature change law for the soil body at different depths are analyzed. The re-sults show that: the temperature difference of the liquid nitrogen is large at the inlet and outlet of the freezing pipe,and it reaches around 35℃ after 6 days; the temperature drops fastest in the pebble layer, and the second fastest in the gravel sand layer, with the temperature cooling slowest in the silty fine sand layer; the average velocities at the frontal surface of the frozen soil in the pebble layer, gravel sand layer and silty fine sand layer are 15.5 cm/d, 12.5 cm/d and 8.3 cm/d, respectively, within the range 600 mm away from the frozen pipe; and affected by heat and air convection in the tunnel, the temperature at the junction of the segment and soil is higher than that in the soil layer.A complete frozen wall takes shape after 13 days of liquid nitrogen freezing, and tail brush replacement takes 22 days from freezing. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved. 相似文献
208.
This paper seeks to explore the relationship between mode and destination choice in an integrated nested choice model. A fundamental
argument can be made that in certain circumstances, the ordering of choices should be reversed from the usual sequence of
destination choice preceding mode choice. This results in a travel demand model where travelers are more likely to change
destinations than to change transportation modes. For small and medium size urban areas, particularly in the United States,
with less well developed public transit systems that draw few choice riders, this assumption makes much more sense than the
traditional modeling assumptions. The models used in the new travel modeling system developed for Knoxville, Tennessee utilize
this reversed ordering, with generally good results, which required no external tinkering in the logsum parameters. 相似文献
209.
The comprehensive analysis presented in this paper investigates the links and comparative assets between human factor and
other factors that are important determinants of maritime transport risk. In this outline, the identification of factors,
such as age and ship size, that can be statistically linked (i.e. statistical significance) to whether an accident in a passenger
vessel can be attributed to human factor or other causes is addressed accordingly. This way, the role of human factor in relation
to safety of Greek coastal shipping is revealed and the spotlight is able to focus on the various aspects and points that
manifest the importance of human element in the maritime industry. The risk assessment of the transportation with Greek passenger
ships is being used in order for the safety level of Greek coastal shipping to be adequately estimated. Moreover, the comparison
between the values of risk for accidents caused by human factor and those attributed to other causes is an established way
to bring to the fore the unbroken relationship between the human factor and marine accidents’ consequences. The paper is concluded
with interesting insights and comments drafted through the aforementioned tasks. 相似文献
210.