The road network management system in Slovakia

Traffic on the road network in Slovakia is increasing greatly, as a result of the country's location in central Europe. In recent years, transit truck traffic has exceeded the network's capacity causing many accidents, low vehicle speed and rapid degradation of the pavement. To deal with this situation a Road Network Management System (RNMS) has been developed. This system is based on national standards that evaluate road parameters, characteristics, and traffic levels and on new methods that consider the environmental impact and methods based on international standards (HDM III). Using these, the RNMS was developed as one homogeneous unit, not only in terms of its capacity, traffic level and economic efficiency, but also to evaluate individual sections, to optimize action, and prepare a rehabilitation budget. It took only five years to develop the RNMS because Slovakia has much relevant experience based on high level research in highway design, structural pavement design and material engineering.     

A segregated urban busway system

A transport system has been proposed using buses operating over ordinary roads and over special reserved tracks (busways) on which they might be automatically guided. Using cost and performance data resulting from an earlier technical study (not reported here), a hypothetical network of routes and services in the West Midlands conurbation is studied. Estimates of patronage diverted from public and private transport enable the profitability of the system and its costs and benefits to be assessed. It is concluded that the system could be attractive both in commercial and in cost/benefit terms, providing acceptable means could be found for handling the buses around and through the inner central areas of cities. The net environmental changes, which would result from additional fixed plant permitting more efficient use of mobile plant, have not been quantified.     

Sense of Place as a Source of Tension in Canada’s West Coast Energy Conflicts

Canada’s west coast has been a hotspot of environmental conflict, most recently in defense of climate action and natural places under threat by energy development. This study examined sense of place as a source of tension in conflicts sparked by two energy proposals. The Bute Inlet run-of-river hydroelectric project would power British Columbia’s remote Central Coast, and the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion would transport bitumen from Alberta’s oil sands to tankers for export. Surveys, interviews, and mapping were used to investigate the depth and character of participants’ sense of favorite places and places expected to be affected by the projects, with appreciation, concern, and responsibility for nature as organizing themes. We discovered a regional, nature-centric sense of place on the south coast, and a sense of place among Albertans linked to that province’s oil and gas economy and its reputation as Canada’s chief breadwinner. Ties to natural places were found to underpin environmental advocacy by tapping into deep place connections as well as place connections conveyed through network ideologies and the protests themselves. We outline for consideration key characteristics of a regional sense of place, and offer ways to mitigate place-based economy versus environment conflicts.     

Direct to your destination: the size,scope and competitive status of express coach carriers in the United States

The advent of express coach bus lines offering guaranteed seating and emphasizing curbside pickup and drop-off is contributing to a revival in intercity bus travel in the United States. Relatively little is known, however, about the scale and geographic scope of these carriers or the competitive landscape in which they operate. To fill this void, this study evaluates the service networks operated by the two largest express coach operators in the country, BoltBus and Megabus, and evaluates a data set of 4775 fares sold on megabus.com. The results show that these carriers cumulatively serve 127 intercity segments and operate about 52.9 million bus miles per year. Together, these carriers have grown to about one third of the size of Amtrak, with Megabus and BoltBus providing 3.3 billion and .69 billion seat miles of service, respectively, compared to Amtrak’s 12.8 billion. With respect to the types of routes it serves and the competition it faces, Megabus has evolved into a carrier quite different than Boltbus; more than one third of Megabus’ bus miles are operated on segments without Amtrak service, while virtually all of BoltBus’ miles face this competition. The analysis of Megabus’ pricing shows that fares rise modestly within 2 weeks of departure, while the per-mile costs are much less ($.08/mile) for 300–399 mile trips than for those 50–99 miles ($.22/mile). Nevertheless, the dispersion of fares tends to fall as the departure date nears, regardless of distance. Together, these prominent bus lines serve 66 of the 100 most heavily traveled U.S. city pairs that have characteristics suitable for intercity bus service—which is more than Amtrak. With further growth on the horizon, planners, federal regulators, and researchers should collaborate on establishing reporting requirements for this expanding sector.

     

Development of a neighborhood commute mode share model using nationally-available data

Transportation - Practitioners often use demand models to predict how neighborhood-level land use, infrastructure, demographic, and other changes may impact transportation systems. Few of the...     

临近端头井盾构开挖引起土体沉降数值分析北大核心CSCD

文章以南昌地铁2号线雅苑路站施工为例,基于小应变硬化土体(HSS)本构模型,建立从端头井始发的双线盾构隧道掘进模型,分析了基坑开挖与双线盾构掘进共同作用下的土体沉降规律。结果表明:(1)加固盾构始发区土体可有效减弱区域范围内地表沉降,该区域内地表沉降量远小于区间隧道沉降量;(2)在同一埋深条件下,先建隧道地表沉降最大值高于后建隧道地表沉降最大值,地表横向沉降槽呈现非对称W型;(3)基坑开挖与盾构掘进共同作用下引起的地表沉降值,可以由二者单独作用产生的沉降值叠加计算得到。     

Visual analysis semantic label method based on navigation logic division北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在探索处理内河实船数据、提高其可理解性和辅助研究识别船舶行为的新方法。[方法]通过构建航行逻辑层级和划分时序数据获得船舶行为的语义标签,设计航行逻辑可视化分析系统,将船舶航行状态与数据可视化相结合,辅助分析数据及研究船舶行为特征。最后,依托数字航道,选择船舶行为复杂的内河航道工作船的数据进行实例检验,利用所提系统分析异常数据并研究船舶行为。[结果]通过航行逻辑的交互可视化,可有效确定无规律的位置跳动异常数据产生的原因及特点,帮助进行异常数据处理,并经过定性分析特征和定量分析阈值,划分出了靠泊与直航状态数据,进一步丰富了船舶行为语义标签。[结论]结合船舶行为语义标签设计的可视化分析系统,通过人机自由交互,提高了数据的可理解性,可辅助异常数据分析处理及船舶行为研究,为数据分析人员提供研究工具。     

Feedback-feedforward variable gain iterative learning method adopted in electro-hydraulic position servo system北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了实现电液位置伺服系统的精确控制,提出一种反馈-前馈变增益迭代学习法。[方法]首先建立电液位置伺服系统的简化模型,然后对迭代学习控制算法进行改进,采用带遗忘因子的变增益学习律,最后开展Matlab仿真对比验证。[结果]仿真结果表明:相较于传统的迭代学习和传统PID控制,改进后的迭代学习算法具有更好的收敛性和更小的跟踪误差,可以使电液位置伺服系统快速精确地跟踪位置曲线,从而提高系统动态特性。[结论]研究成果可为电液位置伺服系统的控制性能优化及实际工程应用提供参考。     

Analysis on acoustic performance of floating raft vibration isolation system with liquid tank北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This paper aims to establish a dynamic model of a floating raft vibration isolation system with a liquid tank in order to study the mass effect of the liquid medium, tank form, structural stiffness and loading rate on acoustic performance. ［Methods］A floating raft system with a cuboidal or cylindrical liquid tank is taken as the research object, and a fluid-structure coupling finite element dynamic model is established. The dynamic force transmission rate and power flow are then used to evaluate the acoustic performance of the system. The influence of the mass effect of the liquid medium, tank form, structural stiffness and loading rate of tank volume on the acoustic performance of the floating raft system are analyzed.［Results］The results show similar laws obtained through the calculation and analysis of the floating raft system with two types of tanks. The structural stiffness of the tank affects the mass effect of the liquid medium in the tank to a certain extent. ［Conclusions］If full advantage is to be taken of the liquid mass effect in the tank with a large loading rate to improve the acoustic performance of the floating raft system, the design of the liquid tank and raft structure must have sufficient stiffness. In addition, under the condition that the floating raft structure has sufficient stiffness, its acoustic performance will improve significantly as the tank loading rate increases in the relevant low frequency range. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

复杂地应力红层泥岩隧道持续底鼓原因分析北大核心CSCD

为揭示复杂地应力红层泥岩隧道持续底鼓特征及底鼓原因,以某隧道为研究对象,通过长期变形监测、地下水位监测、隧底围岩位移监测等方法对底鼓变形特征进行了统计分析,并结合钻孔取芯岩样分析、地应力测试、围岩膨胀力测试、岩石蠕变试验、数值模拟分析等手段对可能导致隧道底鼓的因素逐一进行了分析。结果表明:受控于近水平层状泥岩以及复杂地应力,隧道部分段落呈现出底鼓时间“不收敛”、底鼓段落“不连续”、底鼓程度“不均衡”的三大特征;隧道岩层产状近水平,岩性为粉砂质泥岩,属于软质岩,未达到膨胀岩判定标准,具有中—低蠕变特性,隧址区地应力场以水平构造应力为主,水平应力在9.5~13.73 MPa之间;隧道开挖后,局部应力集中导致围岩发生蠕变,当蠕变产生的形变压力过大时,仰拱局部进入塑性状态,隧道即产生底鼓。