Labour relations and the transfer of the Panama Canal[1]

The international maritime community is concerned about Panama's preparedness to undertake the responsibility of what many consider to be the world's greatest maritime asset, the Panama Canal. In accordance with treaty provisions, the longer within the dominion of the U.S. government and its attendant regulatory framework and policies. To a great extent, Panama's efforts to prepare for the transfer thus far have been driven by its objective of a seamless transfer, whereby the status quo (meaning the Canal's existing institutional and organizational framework and attendant policies and procedures) would be preserved as much as possible. This would assure the maritime community that it can expect the same service and cost standards traditionally enjoyed under the Panama Canal Commission's stewardship. Still of great concern, however, is the continued reliability and productivity of the Canal's labour force; the Canal's reliability and efficient performance in the past is often attributed to its history of harmonious labour management relations. This article addresses some of the critical labour relations issues that will need to be considered even if Panama's status quo objective for the transfer is achieved.     

A Modular Computer Model for the Design of Vehicle Dynamics Control Systems1

This paper describes a multiport approach to computer-aided modeling of vehicle dynamics. The modeling approach produces models that are suitable for the interactive design and evaluation of complex control strategies. The vehicle model which can be used for ride and handling analysis, is built from modular components. The components are programmed using the syntax of the computer aided control system design (CACSD) program EASYS. Seven modeling components are used to create a three-dimensional vehicle dvnamics model. The model is flexible enoug-h to simulate any suspension design with revolute joints.

Each component of the model consists of a FORTRAN subroutine and a main calling module called a macro. To simplify the process of model building, the modeling components in the car model are designed to represent physical elements, such as the spring, damper, link or tire. To create a model, the components, which are represented by blocks, are interconnected through points, located on the blocks, called pons. These ports have been designed to simulate the location of the connection points between the physical elements, as observed in real systems. The construction of multibody models within a CACSD program offers the flexibility of simultaneous interactive simulation of the three-dimensional dvnamics and evaluation of the desien of the controls.

Although modeling of multibody systems using FORTRAN components has been pioneered by Chace, Haug and Orlandea; and bond graph modeling of multibody systems has been investigated by Bos, this approach is novel because:-

The model is included in the control system design program (EASYS). This arrangement allows the designer to exploit the advanced control design tools available in the program. Furthermore, this approach significantly reduces the computation time required for running the model after parameters modification.

The model is built from components that are interconnected by ports which represent the actual physical location of the connection points between the elements. The multiport approach simplifies the model building process for multibody systems. This simplification is achieved by reducing the model of a multibody system to a block diagram form.     

大骨节病和克山病共存区心电图和干骺端病变及发尿硒含量间关系的研究

通过大骨节病和克山病共存地区360名小学生手部 X 线、心电图和发、尿硒分析,结果,干骺端病变检出率为16.16%,X 线异常率为37.22%,心电图异常率为13.06%,大骨节病阳性体征和(或)X 线异常总检出率为56.11%;异常心电图与异常 X 线、阳性体征和(或)X 线征符合率分别为53.19%和72%.心电图和 X线2项检出率呈显著正相关关系;心电图、干骺端病变检出率与发、尿硒呈负相关关系.本文结果结合文献报道低硒地区有单独大骨节病、克山病存在的事实,提示病区不同人体硒水平可造成发、尿硒含量与心电图、干骺端病变检出率间有相关关系,也使心电图与 X 线2项检出率间有相关关系。不能单从两病共存地区心电图、干骺端病变、发尿硒间这种相关关系及心电图和 X 线有较高符合率,说低硒是大骨节病、克山病的共同病因,也不能说大骨节病和克山病是同病异症。     

齿轮修形在机车上的应用

提出了单侧直齿传动大功率电力机车牵引齿轮的齿向螺旋形就形修正、齿端修薄和齿枯、齿根修缘的计算以及设计方法，运用方法成功地研制的ＳＳ７型电力机车的牵引齿轮，结束了我国大功率电力机车有用双侧斜齿轮传的历史。     

基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法

通过对现行国民经济效益计算方法的研究,运用交通分配理论论证了现行计算方法中运量分析存在的问题。依据交通分配理论和消费者剩余理论,将交通建设项目吸引区内整个路网作为研究对象,建立了基于运量的国民经济效益网络计算法。实例计算表明该方法的有效性。     

高速受电弓—接触网系统的动力学研究

本文研究了单臂受电弓——简单链形悬挂接触网系统的动态特性,建立了数学模型,得到了系统的动态运行模拟计算方法,并给出在高速运行下,受电弓、接触网主要结构参数对弓网接触特性的影响,提出了提高受流质量的建议。     

高速客车对轨道的垂向动力作用研究

本文从系统工程的观点出发,将车辆与轨道二个子系统作为一个总体系 统来考虑,建立了车辆一轨道藕合系统的垂向动力学模型及其详细的健 图模型。应用这一模型研究了高速客车对轨道的垂向动力作用问题。结 果表明:当轨道存在垂向不平顺时,高速列车时轨道将产生剧烈的动力 作用;为降低这种作用,必须要使车辆与执道参数合理匹配,并衬轨道 维护质量提出较高要求。      

新型列车运行仿真器

仿真器由司机操纵台、计算机、视景和音响系统、性能显示系统组成。 教员通过计算机衬其进行管理。由于有能正确表达机车车辆性能和列车 运行状态的数学模型,仿真器可根据司机的操作,实时地显示列车运 行中各种动态性能。仿真器可用于科学研究、行车组织和司机培训等 方面。      

Windows CE操作系统在机车显示器上的应用研究

介绍Windows CE操作系统的特点,阐述了将嵌入式操作系统Windows CE应用在机车显示器上的整个开发过程,并对其应川结果进行了总结。     

地震及列车振动荷载下的地铁震害特点及防治

地震及地铁列车振动荷载在一定情况下会对地铁造成破坏甚至使其功能丧失,产生严重的后果。因此,必须对地铁的抗震研究予以足够的重视。介绍了近年来这方面的研究成果,包括在地震及列车振动荷载作用下地铁车站、区间隧道及地铁地基破坏的形式、特点及防治措施。