高速公路岩质及不稳定边坡工程与生物防护结合技术研究

较为详细地质介绍了引进吸收的日本先进坡面防护技术——金属框架整体防护技术。此技术把工程防护与生物防护有效地结合起来，既保证了切割坡面的力学稳定性，又利用生物防护有效地绿化美化坡面，防止水土流失。对各种风化、兰风化岩石边堤及其它不稳定边坡的防护可产生良好的效果。     

软土地基上刚性桩一路堤共同作用分析

针对桩承式路堤工作性状比较复杂、对路堤—桩—土之间共同工作机理的认识还不是十分清楚的问题，建立了考虑土桩路堤变形和应力协调的平衡方程，分析了三者协调工作时路堤、桩、土的荷载传递特性，获得了路堤的土拱效应、桩土荷载分担、桩和土的沉降等结果。将本文的方法与弹塑性有限元计算结果进行了对比，验证了该计算模型的合理性，同时应用所提出的方法，对杭甬高速公路拓宽工程进行了分析。     

Study on dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox under multi-boundary conditions

With the development of vehicle gearbox to high-power-density and high-speed, how to predict and optimize the dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox becomes increasingly prominent. Aiming at the vehicle gearbox, this paper comprehensively and deeply studies the dynamic characteristics under the multi-boundary conditions. The generation mechanism of the multi-source excitations triggering the gearbox vibration is analyzed firstly. The vibration transfer path of the gearbox is explored. Secondly, the engine excitation, the gear meshing excitation and the bearing support load are numerically calculated. According to the finite element method, a fluid-solid coupling finite element model of the gearbox body is established to predict the gearbox dynamic responses based on the Galerkin method and the Hamiltonian variational principle. Finally, the effects of the excitation condition, oil height and reinforcement forms on the vibration responses of the gearbox body are thoroughly studied by simulation. The analysis indicates that it not only helps to modify and improve the method of forecasting the gearbox dynamic response, and also provides the theoretical and technical guidance for the gearbox design and optimization.     

Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure,safety perception,and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data

This study estimates a random parameter (mixed) logit model for active transportation (walk and bicycle) choices for work trips in the New York City (using 2010–2011 Regional Household Travel Survey Data). We explored the effects of traffic safety, walk–bike network facilities, and land use attributes on walk and bicycle mode choice decision in the New York City for home-to-work commute. Applying the flexible econometric structure of random parameter models, we capture the heterogeneity in the decision making process and simulate scenarios considering improvement in walk–bike infrastructure such as sidewalk width and length of bike lane. Our results indicate that increasing sidewalk width, total length of bike lane, and proportion of protected bike lane will increase the likelihood of more people taking active transportation mode This suggests that the local authorities and planning agencies to invest more on building and maintaining the infrastructure for pedestrians. Further, improvement in traffic safety by reducing traffic crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists, will increase the likelihood of taking active transportation modes. Our results also show positive correlation between number of non-motorized trips by the other family members and the likelihood to choose active transportation mode. The model would be an essential tool to estimate the impact of improving traffic safety and walk–bike infrastructure which will assist in investment decision making.     

A Simplified Model for the Effect of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses on the Axial Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Plates

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Common Structural Rules (CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

Assessing the representativeness of a smartphone-based household travel survey in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

The household travel survey (HTS) finds itself in the midst of rapid technological change. Traditional methods are increasingly being sidelined by digital devices and computational power—for tracking movements, automatically detecting modes and activities, facilitating data collection, etc.. Smartphones have recently emerged as the latest technological enhancement. FMS is a smartphone-based prompted-recall HTS platform, consisting of an app for sensor data collection, a backend for data processing and inference, and a user interface for verification of inferences (e.g., modes, activities, times, etc.). FMS, has been deployed in several cities of the global north, including Singapore. This paper assesses the first use of FMS in a city of the global south, Dar es Salaam. FMS in Dar was implemented over a 1-month period, among 581 adults chosen from 300 randomly selected households. Individuals were provided phones with data plans and the FMS app preloaded. Verification of the collected data occurred every 3 days, via a phone interview. The experiment reveals various social and technical challenges. Models of individual likelihood to participate suggest little bias. Several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics apparently do influence, however, the number of days fully verified per individual. Similar apparent biases emerge when predicting the likelihood of a given day being verified. Some risk of non-random, non-response is, thus, evident.     

假设检验在汽车排放实验室质量监控中的应用研究

设备比对作为一种有效的质量监控方法,在汽车检测行业得到了广泛应用.众所周知,影响整车排放检测结果的因素较多,试验结果的偏差较大;但因排放检测设备价值昂贵,具备两套及以上排放检测设备的实验室较少,因此,在进行质量监控时,受检测设备数量的限制,难以选择设备比对的方式.本文以5家实验室比对的数据为例,选择其中的极端数据模拟进行两套设备间的设备比对,得出了假设检验用于设备比对的分析方法,并给出了试验数据的置信区间.与实验室间比对结果相比,使用该方法进行两套设备间的比对,比对结果可信.     

Biogeography-based combinatorial strategy for efficient autonomous underwater vehicle motion planning and task-time management

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are capable of spending long periods of time for carrying out various underwater missions and marine tasks. In this paper, a novel conflict-free motion planning framework is introduced to enhance underwater vehicle’s mission performance by completing maximum number of highest priority tasks in a limited time through a large scale waypoint cluttered operating field, and ensuring safe deployment during the mission. The proposed combinatorial route-path planner model takes the advantages of the Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm toward satisfying objectives of both higher-lower level motion planners and guarantees maximization of the mission productivity for a single vehicle operation. The performance of the model is investigated under different scenarios including the particular cost constraints in time-varying operating fields. To show the reliability of the proposed model, performance of each motion planner assessed separately and then statistical analysis is undertaken to evaluate the total performance of the entire model. The simulation results indicate the stability of the contributed model and its feasible application for real experiments.     

压载水旋流预处理单元的优化设计与数值模拟

压载水管理公约D2对压载水中颗粒物粒径范围及含量做出了明确规定。为满足此规定,水力旋流器逐步开始应用于船舶压载水处理系统中。为了提高水力旋流器的分离效率,通过改变水力旋流器的入口结构对水力旋流器进行优化,即将入口结构设计为阿基米德螺线形入口来增加流体转动速度,降低能量消耗,从而提高分离效率。应用Fluent软件,结合雷诺应力模型(RSM)和混合多相流(Mixture)分析方法,对优化前、后的水力旋流器进行固-液两相流数值模拟。模拟内容包括水力旋流器内的速度分布、固相体积分数分布以及分离效率等。通过对比2种模型的模拟结果,说明优化的水力旋流器内部的流场速度以及分离效率均有一定的提高,达到了优化目的。     

Some insights in novel risk modeling of liquefied natural gas carrier maintenance operations

This study discusses the analysis of various modeling approaches and maintenance techniques applicable to the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carrier operations in the maritime environment. Various novel modeling techniques are discussed; including genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic and evidential reasoning. We also identify the usefulness of these algorithms in the LNG carrier industry in the areas of risk assessment and maintenance modeling.