汽车碰撞试验中模拟和数字滤波器的实现

滤波是数据采集和处理的一种常用技术手段，本文就汽车碰撞试验中有关滤波的问题进行探讨，用冲激响应不变法实现了满足通道频率特性要求的实用算法，为了消除相位误差采用正反向二次滤波的方法，但它会引起幅频特性改变，并对此提出了修正的方法。     

满足欧洲Ⅰ排放法规的车用直喷式柴油机燃烧系统的研究

本文针对自然吸气式车用6110直喷式柴油机,对燃油喷射系统、燃烧室形状、进气涡流比和机械离心喷油提前规律进行优化匹配研究,获得了满足欧洲Ⅰ排放法规的燃烧系统参数。     

用LDA研究柴油机涡流室内空气运动

本文介绍了采用二维氩离子ＬＤＡ（激光多普勒测速仪）对柴油机涡流室内空气运动特性的最新测试结果。测量结果表明：涡流室内气体平均速度及紊流强度仅为发动机曲轴转角的函数，在上止点附近随发动机转速升高，最大值出现时刻相对曲轴转角位置基本保持不变。这一点区别于使用ＨＷＡ（热线风速仪）对涡流室的测量。吊钟型涡流室内的空气涡流以刚体涡流为主。本文描述了吊钟型涡流运动中涡核的运动轨迹，提出了进一步改进涡流燃烧系统     

A General Method for the Evaluation of Vehicle Manoeuvrability with Special Emphasis on Motorcycles

This paper presents a novel approach to the assessment of the manoeuvrability of vehicles which is not based on the simulation of open-loop manoeuvres, nor does it rely on the modelling of the driver as a control system. Instead, the essence of the method is the solution of a two-point optimal control boundary value problem, in which a vehicle, subject to physical constraints like tyre adherence and road borders, among others, is required to go between given initial and final positions as fast as possible. The control inputs - i.e., the driver's actions - that make the vehicle move between the two states in the most efficient way are found as a part of the solution procedure and represent the actions of a sort of ideal, perfect driver . The resulting motion is called the optimal manoeuvre and, besides being the most efficient way that the given vehicle has for travelling between the two points according to the chosen optimal criterion, may be taken as a reference for meaningful comparisons with other vehicles. The value of the penalty function, used to define the optimal condition occurring at the optimal manoeuvre, may be taken as a measure of manoeuvrability or handling. With this approach the manoeuvrability properties are established as intrinsic to the vehicle, being defined with respect to an ideal perfect driver. Some possible forms of the penalty function, which means slightly different concepts of manoeuvrability and handling, are discussed. In the end, the case of motorcycles and some examples of optimal manoeuvres are given.     

轿车安全带优化设计及模拟计算

安全带中限力器、预张紧器、织带的性能参数是影响车辆安全带系统约束性能的主要因素。采用正交试验设计法，选取织带伸长率、预张紧器开始动作时刻、限力器恒力值以及在该恒力作用下织带的拉出长度为主要因子，提出了安全带优化设计方案。应用MADYMO分析软件建立的模拟计算模型，并提出了夏利7100型轿车的安全带系统优化参数方案。     

Pseudo-dynamic travel model application to assess traveler information

This paper reports an effort to estimate potential benefits of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) by combing regional travel demand and microscopic simulation models. The approach incorporates dynamic features not yet available in the commercial software market. The suggested technique employs data that are readily available to most urban planning organizations, and is straightforward in its application. The key reported measure of effectiveness is corridor and local system delay, and is sensitive to both the level of penetration of traveler information and the pre-trip and en-route choices drivers make based on this information. The technique is demonstrated on an urban freeway corridor in a medium sized mid-west city.     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Vibration Absorbers and Integral Output Feedback Control

The bandwidth of the body response to a road input in an active suspension may be considerably reduced if the axle motions are independently controlled and if, at the same time, the effects of static and dynamic loads are counteracted by integral action in the body force control system. The paper presents a further application of the Ferguson-Rekasius method, leading to optimal output control with incomplete state feedback. To achieve narrow bandwidth body response the support springs are replaced by hydraulic actuators, and vibration absorbers or active wheel dampers are employed for the control of the axle motions. Active wheel damping is the more effective and gives good results. Proportional-plus-integral control action is shown to reduce the transient body displacements due to external forces.     

On the goods-activities technical relations in the time allocation theory

In areas like household production and travel choice, time assigned to the different activities plays a key role in addition to consumption as the main variables in utility within the consumer behaviour framework. However, a comprehensive conceptual structure to understand the technological relations between goods consumption and the assignment of time to activities is still lacking. In this paper the problem is reviewed and all possible relations between goods and time are re-formulated. Two general functions are defined and proposed to account for all these relations, forming a new taxonomy for the technical constraints. The resulting consumer behaviour model is used to obtain general expressions for both the value of saving time in constrained activities like travel, and the value of leisure.     

Combining Single（Mixed） Metric Approach and Genetic Algorithm for QoS Routing Problem

A hybrid algorithm for the delay constrained least cost path problem is proposed through combination of single(mixed)metric approach and genetic algorithm．Compared with the known genetic algorithm for the same problem，the new algorithm adopts integral coding scheme and new genetic operator，which reduces the search space and improves the efficiency of genetic operation．Meanwhile，the single(mixed)approach accelerates the convergence speed．Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can find near-optimal even optimal solutions within moderate numbers of generations．     

A comprehensive analysis of household transportation expenditures relative to other goods and services: an application to United States consumer expenditure data

This paper proposes a multiple discrete continuous nested extreme value (MDCNEV) model to analyze household expenditures for transportation-related items in relation to a host of other consumption categories. The model system presented in this paper is capable of providing a comprehensive assessment of how household consumption patterns (including savings) would be impacted by increases in fuel prices or any other household expense. The MDCNEV model presented in this paper is estimated on disaggregate consumption data from the 2002 Consumer Expenditure Survey data of the United States. Model estimation results show that a host of household and personal socio-economic, demographic, and location variables affect the proportion of monetary resources that households allocate to various consumption categories. Sensitivity analysis conducted using the model demonstrates the applicability of the model for quantifying consumption adjustment patterns in response to rising fuel prices. It is found that households adjust their food consumption, vehicular purchases, and savings rates in the short run. In the long term, adjustments are also made to housing choices (expenses), calling for the need to ensure that fuel price effects are adequately reflected in integrated microsimulation models of land use and travel.