The interaction of tidal advection, diffusion and mussel filtration in a tidal channel

Time series measurements of flow and pigment concentrations (Chl) in the Menai Strait have revealed that the strong residual flow in a tidal channel ( 500 m³ s^− 1) transports phytoplankton from the open sea into the channel where much of it is consumed by suspension feeders, mainly in commercial beds of Mytilus edulis. The progressive depletion of phytoplankton along the channel results in a strong horizontal gradient of plankton and hence Chl. Tidal displacement of this gradient causes large (± 50% of mean) oscillations of Chl in the vicinity of the mussel beds. Vertical mixing by the strong tidal flows is sufficiently vigorous for most of the tidal cycle to ensure that downward diffusion can resupply the near-bed layer although there are indications of some transient depletion around slack water.This paradigm of the interaction of advection, diffusion and filtration determining the distribution of plankton and its supply to mussels has been encapsulated in a series of simple models forced only by boundary values. In the first, a 1-D model of tidal flow in the channel reproduces the principal features of the observed currents including the unusually large spatial change in phase of the currents and the variation of the residual transport with tidal range. The flow field from this physical model is used to drive a second model based on the advection diffusion equation for Chl with a source at the Irish Sea boundary and a sink over the mussel bed. This model illustrates the formation of a strong Chl gradient along the channel and simulates the amplitude and phase of the M₂ oscillations of Chl and the development of the M₄ variation apparent in the observations. This second model has been extended to 2-D over the mussel beds to allow investigation of the effects of water column mixing. The model indicates that only for a short period ( 30 min), close to slack water, is mixing sufficiently reduced to permit the development of a depletion boundary layer and then only within  1 m from the bottom, a result which is consistent with the observations.     

论人才队伍建设与企业跨越式发展

本文结合中国铁路工程总公司人力资源管理工作实践 ,论述了建设高素质人才队伍和学习型机制在企业发展中的重要作用 ,指出了高素质的企业家、高水平的专家、高技能的技师和高效率的政工干部等四支人才队伍培养的核心和重点 ,并分析了人力资源管理创新中的几个关键问题     

Easing or tightening control strategies: determination of COVID-19 parameters for an agent-based model

Some agent-based models have been developed to estimate the spread progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate strategies aimed to control the outbreak of the infectious disease. Nonetheless, COVID-19 parameter estimation methods are limited to observational epidemiologic studies which are essentially aggregated models. We propose a mathematical structure to determine parameters of agent-based models accounting for the mutual effects of parameters. We then use the agent-based model to assess the extent to which different control strategies can intervene the transmission of COVID-19. Easing social distancing restrictions, opening businesses, speed of enforcing control strategies, quarantining family members of isolated cases on the disease progression and encouraging the use of facemask are the strategies assessed in this study. We estimate the social distancing compliance level in Sydney greater metropolitan area and then elaborate the consequences of moderating the compliance level in the disease suppression. We also show that social distancing and facemask usage are complementary and discuss their interactive effects in detail.

     

Fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine intake and exhaust system based on dynamic feature fusion北大核心CSCD

[目的]船舶系统由多设备的复杂机构组成,各组件参数具有动态性和非线性的特点,所以故障诊断过程复杂。为提高诊断效率,提出一种动态特征融合方法。[方法]利用分形理论、动态理论及核主元分析(KPCA)法对系统状态数据进行重构、映射及筛选,得到主元特征数据矩阵,求得平方预测误差(SPE)及相应的控制限,构建出基于船舶柴油机进排气系统健康数据的离线监测模型,利用该模型对系统进行故障诊断分析。为验证模型的有效性,选取某船舶柴油机进排气系统的故障数据进行验证分析。[结果]结果表明,动态特征融合分析方法可有效实现对系统动态非线性状态数据的精确分析,实现对系统故障的高效分析和诊断。与KPCA及支持向量机(SVM)方法相比,所提方法具有更好的故障诊断性能。[结论]该方法可实现船舶柴油机进排气系统故障的检测和诊断,提升系统运行的可靠性和安全性。     

ROV attitude control based on multi-motor cooperative propulsion北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了提高遥控水下航行器(ROV)在复杂水下环境中的姿态控制性能,开展多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制研究。[方法]首先,针对多电机系统的结构和算法,分别提出一种基于PID速度补偿器的偏差耦合结构和一种新型非奇异终端滑模控制(SMC)算法,并设计一种新颖的基于多电机协同推进的ROV姿态控制方法;然后,建立ROV的运动学和动力学模型,开展推进器组推力建模分析、解耦简化ROV动力学模型研究;最后,设计一种ROV滑模姿态控制器。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提的结构和算法可提高多电机系统的抗干扰性、同步性和快速响应能力,进而提高ROV姿态控制系统的稳定性与鲁棒性。[结论]所提方法可为ROV姿态控制提供一种新的可用方案。     

Influence of initial heeling angle on ship roll motion response北大核心CSCD

[目的]系统地研究初始横倾角对随机横浪下船舶横摇运动响应的影响。[方法]以路径积分法为基础,通过数值求解控制横摇运动微分方程概率属性的Fokker-Planck方程,得到横摇运动响应的概率分布。[结果]结果显示,初始横倾角对船舶横摇运动响应谱的影响有限,但对横摇角概率分布以及横摇运动响应极值分布的影响十分明显,且会造成船舶安全性的显著恶化。[结论]路径积分法可作为研究随机海浪下船舶横摇运动特性的有效数值方法。     

Numerical simulation on truncated oval-nosed projectile penetrating into stiffened plate北大核心CSCD

[Objectives]In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to study the anti-penetration performance and energy absorption mode of a stiffened plate, as well as the influence of different stiffened bars on the flight attitude of the projectile body.[Methods] Finite element software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the process of a truncated oval-nosed projectile penetrating a stiffened plate, and the results of the numerical simulation are compared with an experiment to verify the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The momentum method and mass equivalence method are used to predict the residual velocity of the projectile, and the applicability of different theoretical methods within different velocity ranges is compared. The deformation energy of different regions of the stiffened plate is then extracted to analyze the influence of the initial velocity of the projectile body on the energy absorption mode of the target plate. Finally, the structure of the stiffeners is changed and the influence of the relative position of the stiffeners on the penetration attitude of the projectile body is analyzed.[Results]The results show that the mass equivalence method is more accurate than the momentum method in predicting the residual velocity of the stiffened plate when the initial velocity of the projectile body is in the range of 300–900 m/s. The ratio of the deformation energy of the stiffened plate to the energy loss of the projectile body decreases with the increase of the initial velocity of the projectile body. The effect of a T-stiffened plate on trajectory is greater than that of a rectangular-stiffened plate.[Conclusions]The related calculation method and research results have certain reference value for research and engineering application surrounding the anti-penetration of stiffened plates. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

Research progress and application of computational method for hydrodynamic noise from air-water interface北大核心CSCD

含水气界面水动力噪声是船海工程结构物经常遇到的一类典型重要噪声,具有机理复杂、声源形式多样、传播影响因素众多等特点。含水气界面水动力噪声与自由面相互作用,受空化、水气泡混合流等影响,对舰船的隐蔽性造成很多负面影响,具有重要的研究意义。分别从自由面噪声、空化噪声和水气泡混合流噪声3个方面进行介绍,并阐述相应噪声的计算方法以及在噪声计算时需要考虑的关键问题和目前所采用的解决方案。最后,展望未来的研究发展方向。