基于SP调查的天津市居民出行行为时间价值

为揭示天津市居民出行行为时间价值的一般规律,采用SP调查中的卡片式面谈调查法,运用市场细分法确定调查规模及抽样率,采用计算包容性检查矩阵等数据处理手段,估算天津市居民出行行为时间价值。比较了出行行为时间价值与单位工作时间价值之间的关系,并分析了不同出行方式、出行目的、出行时段的时间价值,研究了出行收入与时间价值的变化规律。得出现阶段天津市居民出行行为时间价值的分布,表明大部分出行者不愿为出行支付较高费用,但随着收入增加,出行行为时间价值将会快速增长,使个体机动化出行方式的需求增大,城市出行方式结构可能出现拐点。     

Evaluation of a fleet safety management information system

Despite recent interest in work related road safety, relatively little research has been conducted to examine the effects of institutional factors on fleet safety. This paper conceptualized an evaluation framework and utilized it to assess fleet coordinators' attitudes toward and the usage of a fleet safety management system. First, focus group interviews revealed that monitoring fleet safety was not considered an important task within the government agencies participating in the research. Second, similar results were obtained in a survey of the fleet coordinators, which showed that most fleet coordinators were not utilising the full diagnostic capabilities of the management information system. In particular, fleet coordinators reported significantly higher competence, usage and importance on the coordination of fleet vehicle efficiency than on the coordination of fleet safety. These results were supported by the finding that fleet coordinators were required to report more on fleet efficiency than on fleet safety.     

Development of pictograms for dynamic traffic control systems in South Korea

This study developed a set of pictograms for lane control systems, to provide additional information to drivers on weather and traffic incidents. The results suggest that in the design of traffic signs, it is important to consider local context and not simply adopt standards and practices that are developed elsewhere. The differences in the social and cultural environments may affect the ease of reading and comprehension by local drivers. However, the study also showed that not all locally developed signs were rated higher for their ease of reading than others… Since some design characteristics are more salient, whereas others tend to be more dependent on the local context, it is important to conduct simple experiments and exploratory research to find the optimal designs to be used.     

Comment

A paper for the 'Management of Risks in Engineering' seminar on 'Risks, Vulnerabilities and Exposures in Transport (air, space, sea and land)' organised by the Association Internationale pour I 'Etude de I 'Economie de I' Assurance, Munich, October 21-22, 2002.     

St Ursula sails again

The commonest version of the legend of St Ursula tells how she was betrothed to a prince but obtained a 3-year moratorium because she wished to remain a virgin [1]. She spent this time cruising with 11 noble companions, each of whom occupied a ship with 1000 more. After visiting Cologne and Basle and making a pilgrimage to Rome they were all massacred by Huns for their Christianity, Ursula having refused to marry the chief. Variations on this legent include providing her with a Cornish origin and saying that she sailed to Brittany with 11 000 maidens. Whatever her origin and whatever happened to her, it is now thought that the remarkable number of her companions may have stemmed from a medieval copyist's error. This involved expanding the abbreviation 'XI MV' into '11 000 virgins' when it should have read '11 virgin-martyrs'. Whilst there is no real evidence for any of the story (her cult was suppressed by the Roman Catholic authorities in the reforms of 1969) it may be contended that morals may be drawn from it.     

台湾高速铁路项目GIS解决方案

论述了地理信息系统在台湾高速铁路项目的应用。提供了铁路地理信息系统（RGIS）建设的一些经验和建议。     

Power plant siting on Wisconsin's coasts: A case study of a displaceable use

Abstract

The issue of whether power plants should be located on Wisconsin's Lake Michigan shore or inland is addressed in this article. It is quite likely that sites for several large power plants will be needed before the year 2000. Available evidence on the comparative costs of condenser cooling indicates that there may or may not be substantial economies from locating these plants at lakeshore sites depending on site characteristics, fuel costs, and other variables. Environmental impacts of coastal and inland siting are surveyed and also appear to be highly site‐specific. Important issues arise with respect to the intense competition for coastal land and the aquatic impacts at both coastal and inland sites. A third alternative, that of utilizing sites that are in the coastal zone but set back from the water's edge, has some promising aspects, but data on costs are scarce and inconclusive. Conclusions center on the importance of not ruling out either coastal or inland locations in future efforts to identify suitable power plant sites, the need to review current water‐quality measures, and the need for further research on institutions to facilitate sound siting decisions.     

Factors Influencing Environmentally Responsible Behavior among Coastal Recreationists

Abstract

An increasing threat to the marine environment is the presence of debris in the ocean, which is predominantly a result of land-based sources and increasing use of single-use packaging items. To begin reducing the amount of debris entering the ocean, human behavior must be addressed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how coastal recreationists behave towards the environment and whether their participation in recreation correlates to their reported behavior specific to marine debris control. Path analysis was used to determine how one’s attitudes, knowledge, recreational activity, and background characteristics influence behavior. Results showed that type of recreational activity had very little impact on behavior and other predictors. From the model, marine environmental concern, connection to the marine environment, and gender most directly influenced reported behavior. Therefore, to encourage change in recreationists’ relevant behavior, the results indicate social groups where behavior change efforts could initially be made. Additionally, the marine environmental concerns of different demographic groups should be considered and used in developing programs directed at increasing environmentally responsible behavior with emphasis on marine debris.