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111.
地铁工程施工事故与风险管理   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
参考国际隧道协会所建议的分级系统,将2001-2006年间在亚太地区地铁工程施工期间所发生的43个事故,依其后果的严重性分级,以作为发展地下工程风险管理的基础.纳入考量的项目包括人员伤亡、经济损失及对民众生活的影响、工期的延误,以及对交通的影响.并以新加坡政府在尼诰大道灾变后所采取的一连串措施为例,列出地下工程风险管理的要素,勾画出地铁风险管理制度的基本架构.  相似文献   
112.
A dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) model typically consists of a traffic performance model and a route choice model. The traffic performance model describes how traffic propagates (over time) along routes connecting origin-destination (OD) pairs, examples being the cell transmission model, the vertical queueing model and the travel time model. This is implemented in a dynamic network loading (DNL) algorithm, which uses the given route inflows to compute the link inflows (and hence link costs), which are then used to compute the route travel times (and hence route costs). A route swap process specifies the route inflows for tomorrow (at the next iteration) based on the route inflows today (at the current iteration). A dynamic user equilibrium (DUE), where each traveller on the network cannot reduce his or her cost of travel by switching to another route, can be sought by iterating between the DNL algorithm and the route swap process. The route swap process itself takes up very little computational time (although route set generation can be very computationally intensive for large networks). However, the choice of route swap process dramatically affects convergence and the speed of convergence. The paper details several route swap processes and considers whether they lead to a convergent system, assuming that the route cost vector is a monotone function of the route inflow vector.  相似文献   
113.
This paper provides an extensive review and reconciliation of British and European evidence relating to the value of, and demand responses to, rail reliability. In particular, we compare the elasticities implied by stated preference valuations of late time with directly estimated lateness elasticities. We find that the implied lateness elasticities are substantially greater than those directly estimated. A possible explanation for this is that lateness has been over-valued, but more sobering explanations would be to suggest that, whilst rail travellers dislike unreliability, they may be unwilling or unable to reduce their rail travel in response to experiences of poor performance, or else conventional economic approaches to deducing elasticities are not appropriate. The findings have been used to update the recommendations of the UK rail industry’s Passenger Demand Forecasting Handbook.  相似文献   
114.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the different parameters of the elastic supports upon which a deformable beam lies, upon the natural frequencies of the system.

The influence of support parameters is obtained by exploiting characteristic transcendental equations. The natural flexural vibrations of the beam are only affected by the stiffness of the supports over a very restricted range; outside this range the frequencies are those of a completely free beam or of a beam supported by two simple rigid supports (infinite stiffness).  相似文献   
115.
It is important to specify accurately the dollar value assigned to time savings, since up to eighty percent of the benefits estimated to accrue from improvements in transportation systems are associated with savings in travel time. In this paper the economic theory of consumer choice is utilized to structure a model that is used to estimate how Value of Time (VOT) measures vary with community-related variables.Parameters for this theoretical model are empirically estimated using data from transportation surveys conducted in Ithaca and Syracuse, New York and Amherst, Massachusetts. The results confirm the validity of the theoretical model and suggest that leisure time, travel cost, and household income level, as well as community population, are important determinants of the marginal value of time. These models are particularly suited for transferring data results obtained in one community to another, thereby saving survey costs, since the resulting VOT estimates are based solely on underlying socio-economic variables and community characteristics that are known for most localities. The methodology is also useful for estimating different VDT's for particular population subgroups, like the elderly, which may be the focus of a particular transportation project.  相似文献   
116.
Attitudinal multinomial logit models of modal choice are presented for four nonwork activities: major grocery shopping, shopping for odds and ends, shopping for personal goods and visiting friends and acquaintances. Explanatory variables are individuals' beliefs about attributes of four modal alternatives: bus, car, taxi and walking. Factor analysis is employed to identify latent dimensions of perception of the modal alternatives and to eliminate problems of multicollinearities in model estimation. Models are estimated using data obtained for a sample of residents of Buffalo, New York. Planning implications of the methodology are assessed.This author is presently Systems Planner with Applied Resource Integration, Ltd., Boston, Massachusetts.  相似文献   
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In this paper, archived Automatic Vehicle Location and Automatic Passenger Counter data are used to evaluate actual bus running time variation in relation to scheduled service for Tri-Met, the transit provider for the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area. Given observed variation in running times, scheduled recovery times are found to be generally (though not universally) excessive. This results in an under-investment of resources in revenue service relative to non-revenue service. Analysis of trip level data reveals that bus operators are an important source of running time variation after controlling for such factors as route design, time of day and direction of service, and passenger activity.  相似文献   
120.
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虽然多数先进技术应用的目的是改善路网的运行效率和安全性,但目前为止其在提高道路安全性方面的作用并不突出. 例如,可以提供大容量、多方面信息的可变信息板,其设立之初的唯一目的是引导驾驶员的道路行驶. 事实上,这种信息传达装置在不发布路段行驶信息的情况下,还可以发布交通安全信息以改善交通安全状况. 本文选取两种禁止超速信息为研究对象,分析了该信息的发布对于驾驶员态度和路段行驶车速的影响. 对近100名驾驶员进行抽样调查. 测试路段为加拿大埃德蒙顿市和卡尔加里市间2号高速公路. 研究结果表明,本文所选取的两种禁止超速标识对驾驶员态度和行驶车速产生的影响相对较小.  相似文献   
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