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11.
Examining transport futures with scenario analysis and MCA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robin Hickman Sharad Saxena David BanisterOlu Ashiru 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(3):560-575
Climate change is a global problem and across the world the transport sector is finding it difficult to break projected increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions; there are very few contexts where deep reductions in transport CO2 emissions are being made. A number of research studies are now examining the potential for future lower CO2 emissions in the transport sector. This paper develops this work to consider some of the wider sustainability impacts (economic, social and local environmental) as well as the lower CO2 transport impacts of different policy trajectories. Hence the central argument made is for an integrated approach to transport policy making over the longer term - incorporating scenario analysis and multi-criteria assessment (MCA) - to help assess likely progress against a range of objectives.The analysis is based on work carried out in Oxfordshire, UK. Different packages of measures are selected and two scenarios developed which satisfy lower CO2 aspirations, one of which also provides wider positive sustainability impacts. A simulation model has been produced to help explore the strategic policy choices and tensions evident for decision-makers involved in local transport planning. The paper argues for a ‘strategic conversation’ (Van der Heijden, 1996) at the sub-regional and city level, based upon future scenario analysis and MCA, discussing the priorities for intervention. Such an approach will help us examine the scale of change and trade-offs required in moving towards sustainable transport futures. 相似文献
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M.G. Fodor Graduate Research Assistant R. Redfield 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1993,22(1):1-20
This paper introduces the concept of regenerative damping in vibration control, die storage of energy normally dissipated by a passive viscous damper. A device, the Variable Linear Transmission, is proposed to accomplish this task. Analysis of die proposed device as a damper in a typical passenger vehicle is conducted for die cases in which the device's active component operates ideally and with activation dynamics included. Results indicate that regenerative vibration control is feasible and can provide damping nearly identical to that of a passive viscous damper while storing the damped energy. 相似文献
13.
Robin Churchill 《Maritime Policy and Management》1976,4(1):41-49
A concern of many environmentalists is that marine pollution conventions are usually slow in coming into force. The reasons for this vary with each convention. Instead of exhaustively examining each convention, this paper suggests a general framework of inquiry which may be used in seeking to ascertain the speed and degree of ratification of any particular convention. 相似文献
14.
This paper describes tailpipe emission results generated by the Vehicle Performance and Emissions Monitoring system (VPEMS). VPEMS integrates on‐board emissions and vehicle/driver performance measurements with positioning and communications technologies, to transmit a coherent spatio‐temporally referenced dataset to a central base station in near real time. These results focus on relationships between tailpipe emissions of CO, CO2, NOx and speed and acceleration. Emissions produced by different driving modes are also presented. Results are generally as one would expect, showing variation between vehicle speed, vehicle acceleration and emissions. Data is based upon a test run in central London on urban streets with speeds not exceeding about 65 km/h. The results presented demonstrate the capabilities of the system. Various issues remain with regard to validation of the data and expansion of the system capability to obtain additional vehicle performance data. 相似文献
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Vagale Anete Oucheikh Rachid Bye Robin T. Osen Ottar L. Fossen Thor I. 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2021,26(4):1292-1306
Journal of Marine Science and Technology - Autonomous surface vehicles are gaining increasing attention worldwide due to the potential benefits of improving safety and efficiency. This has raised... 相似文献
17.
André de Palma Robin Lindsey 《Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies》2011,19(6):1377-1399
This paper reviews the methods and technologies for congestion pricing of roads. Congestion tolls can be implemented at scales ranging from individual lanes on single links to national road networks. Tolls can be differentiated by time of day, road type and vehicle characteristics, and even set in real time according to current traffic conditions. Conventional toll booths have largely given way to electronic toll collection technologies. The main technology categories are roadside-only systems employing digital photography, tag & beacon systems that use short-range microwave technology, and in-vehicle-only systems based on either satellite or cellular network communications. The best technology choice depends on the application. The rate at which congestion pricing is implemented, and its ultimate scope, will depend on what technology is used and on what other functions and services it can perform. 相似文献
18.
Segui-Gasco Pau Ballis Haris Parisi Vittoria Kelsall David G. North Robin J. Busquets Didac 《Transportation》2019,46(6):2041-2062
Transportation - Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is the integrated and on-demand offering of new mode-sharing transport schemes, such as ride-share, car-share or car-pooling. MaaS schemes may solve... 相似文献
19.
Reform in the public sector in New Zealand saw the abolition of the Ministry of Works and Development in 1988, with the commercial activities being transferred into a Government owned company. Further reform saw the client function of roads transferred initially into the Ministry of Transport and then into an independent Crown agency known as Transit New Zealand. Transit New Zealand is led by an Authority of six members, appointed by the Government, and it administers the strategic (national) road network (10,500 kilometres).In 1996 a separate funding body, Transfund New Zealand, was established to distribute funds to Transit New Zealand and local authorities. Transfund New Zealand is funded through a share of the petrol excise, all vehicle registration and licensing fees and all road user charges (an axle-weight/distance charge levied on diesel vehicles, especially trucks). These revenues are paid into a dedicated National Roads Fund, which allows a measure of transparency in funding the road system. The reforms in New Zealand have resulted in large efficiency gains, with no measurable lowering in level of service.The road agency of the future is discussed, along with possible changes in road management. 相似文献
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Robin C. REDFIELD 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1991,20(5):245-267
Active damping has been shown to offer increased suspension performance in terms of vehicle isolation, suspension packaging, and road-tire contact force. It can even approximate the performance of full state feedback control without requiring the difficult measurement of tire deflection. Many semi-active damping strategies have been introduced to approximate the response of active damping with the modulation of passive damping parameters. These strategies have typically required a relatively high bandwidth for actuator response. This paper investigates the simulation performance and “frequency response” of two concepts in low-bandwidth semi-active suspension control, one that sets a damping force directly and another that sets the damping resistance. The electronically controlled bandwidth of these actuators is approximately an order of magnitude less than other semi-active devices; high frequency control is handled mechanically. A quarter-car model is studied with the controlled damping replacing both passive and active damping of typical control schemes. Both low-bandwidth damping strategies perform remarkably well compared to both active and high-bandwidth, semi-active damping. In certain dynamic performances, the new semi-active strategies outperform active damping and what the author calls “nominal” semi-active damping. 相似文献