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951.
针对公路工程计量支付中用表多,数据输入量大等问题,结合远安县棚马线洋坪至河口二级公路改建工程,利用Excel VBA二次开发功能,采用VBA语言编程,实现了计量支付中数据的自由引用,减少了大量数据的重复输入,实现了数据的自动化处理,提高了工作效率. 相似文献
952.
针对海底油气传输常见的下倾管—立管系统严重段塞流问题,采用严重段塞流形成条件一致的等效原则,发展了一种将三维流动转化为二维的数值模拟方法,仿真结果与相关的以水和空气为流动介质的实验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,利用该方法研究气液物性参数对严重段塞流的影响,分别选取水、原油和煤油为液体介质,甲烷和空气为气体介质,对管道内出现的严重段塞流进行数值模拟.研究发现,液体粘性、密度和表面张力对严重段塞流的流动过程、周期、压力波动、含气率和液塞速度均有显著影响,而气体物性变化对严重段塞流的影响较小.文中研究有助于深入揭示物性参数对严重段塞流的作用,同时也为评估不同海底油气田的严重段塞流危害提供了理论支持. 相似文献
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针对非收放式减摇鳍安装工艺现状,提供一种求解安装所需定位参数的理论方法,给出了一种实现鳍座定位所需的专用工装的设计理念与制作要领,提出了双筒体鳍座设计理念,并给出了其制作、船上安装及加工工艺流程,实现了减摇鳍装置的精度安装。 相似文献
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957.
G.Subramanian;S.Palanichamy 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2013,12(4):500-509
Corrosion behaviour and biofouling characteristics of mild steel in three different coastal locations in the Gulf of Mannar,India have been studied over a period of 24 months.Oyster fouling was predominant at Open sea-Tuticorin,while barnacle fouling was dominant at both Mandapam and Harbour-Tuticorin.The rate of corrosion for 24 months exposure period was highest at Mandapam,where fouling was minimal.The surface of the mild steel was characterized by etchings&crevices beneath the hard foulers attached on it,at all the test locations.The depth of crevice caused by hard foulers was higher at Open sea-Tuticorin followed by Harbour-Tuticorin and Mandapam.The loss in ultimate tensile strength was more in Open sea-Tuticorin than the other two locations.Corrosion behaviour of mild steel is discussed based on the variation in the biofouling assemblage at the three test locations. 相似文献
958.
Magnus S. Eide Øyvind Endresen Rolf Skjong Tore Longva Sverre Alvik 《Maritime Policy and Management》2013,40(4):367-384
International shipping is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and is under mounting pressure to contribute to overall GHG emission reductions. There is an ongoing debate regarding how much the sector could be expected to reduce emissions and how the reduction could be achieved. This paper details a methodology for assessing the cost-effectiveness of technical and operational measures for reducing CO2 emissions from shipping, through the development of an evaluation parameter called the Cost of Averting a Tonne of CO2-eq Heating, CATCH, and decision criterion, against which the evaluation parameter should be evaluated. The methodology is in line with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and with regulatory work on safety and environmental protection issues at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The results of this study suggest that CATCH <50 $/tonne of CO2-eq should be used as a decision criterion for investment in emission reduction measures for shipping. In total, 13 specific measures for reducing CO2 emissions have been analysed for two selected case ships to illustrate the methodology. Results from this work shows that several measures are cost effective according to the proposed criterion. The results suggest that cost effective reductions for the fleet may well be in the order of 30% for technical measures, and above 50% when including speed reductions. The results of this study show that the cost effectiveness approach for the regulation of shipping emissions is viable and should be pursued in the ongoing regulatory process. 相似文献
959.
The International Maritime Organisation is currently working on establishing regulations for international shipping regarding greenhouse gas emissions, and a cost-effectiveness approach has been suggested as one method for determining the necessary reductions in emissions from shipping. Previous studies have investigated the CO2 emission reduction potential for the world shipping fleet up to 2030 and the associated marginal abatement cost levels. To analyse the cost implications of different emission reduction scenarios, this study has calculated the emission reduction potential and additional capital expenditure for 25 CO2 emission reduction measures applied to 59 ship segments. The expected fleet development over time, keeping track of new ships built from 2010 to 2030 and Existing ships built prior to 2010 and still in operation by 2030, have been modelled. Two alternative approaches to find the cost-effective potential in the world shipping fleet have been applied. One approach is to implement only measures which in themselves are cost-effective (measure-by-measure), and another approach is to implement measures as long as the net savings from cost-effective measures balance the costs of non-cost-effective measures (set of measures). The results demonstrate that by 2030, the majority (93%) of the reduction potential will be related to new ships. Our results show that the measure-by-measure approach would decrease the CO2 emissions by 30% for new ships while the set-of-measures approach with 53% (of the 2030 baseline emissions of 1316?Mt). The implication of achieving such emission reduction is an increase in the capital expenditure on New ships by 6% (USD 183 billion) and 27% (USD 761 billion), respectively, in the period 2010 to 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The measure-by-measure approach yields a 5% decrease in CO2 emission per 1% increase in capital expenditure, while the set-of-measures approach yields a 2% decrease per 1% increase. This is due to the significant variation in capital intensity of the different measures, ranging from almost zero to USD 200 per tonne of CO2 averted. The results of this study are useful for the shipping industry to assess the economic burden that must be shouldered in order to implement abatement measures under different CO2 emission reduction scenarios. 相似文献
960.
Shobha S. Das 《Maritime Policy and Management》2013,40(2):111-128
Intense competition in many sectors across the maritime industry and in professional ship management in particular, means that the quest for achieving competitiveness will continue and intensify. A review of the current strategies across many sectors of the industry indicates the importance of forging stable partnerships for the achievement of competitiveness. Considering that the capability to form a relationship is an intangible resource (as depicted in resource-advantage theory), an empirical assessment in the context of ship management was undertaken. The assessment aimed to identify the type of relationships present in ship management, and succeeded in classifying those relationships into four distinct groups. The central thesis of the paper is that maritime organizations in general, and ship management companies in particular, may utilize their intangible relational resources in order to achieve competitive advantage. Based on the classification of ship management relationships, implications for managers are discussed. 相似文献