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491.
Effect of various LPG supply systems on exhaust particle emission in spark-ignited combustion engine
J. W. Lee H. S. Do S. I. Kweon K. K. Park J. H. Hong 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(6):793-800
The particle size distribution and particle number (PN) concentration emitted by internal combustion engine are a subject
of significant environmental concern because of their adverse health effects and environmental impact. This subject has recently
attracted the attention of the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP). In 2007, the UN-ECE GRPE PMP proposed a new method to
measure particle emissions in the diluted exhaust of automotive engines and a regulation limit (<6.0×1011 #/km, number of particles). The specific PN regulation of spark-ignited combustion engine will be regulated starting on September
1, 2014 (EURO 6). In this study, three types of LPG supply systems (a mixer system and a multi-point injection system with
gas-phase or liquid-phase LPG fuel) were used for a comparison of the particulate emission characteristics, including the
nano-sized particle number density. Each of the three LPG vehicles with various LPG injection systems contained a multi-cylinder
engine with same displacement volumes of 2,000 cm3 and a three-way catalytic converter. The test fuel that was used in this study for the spark-ignited combustion engine was
n-butane basis LPG fuel, which is primarily used for taxi vehicles in Korea. The characteristics of nano-particle size distribution
and number concentration of particle sizes ranging from 20 to 1,000 nm (aerodynamic diameter) that were emitted from the three
LPG vehicles with various LPG supply systems were investigated by using a condensation particle counter (CPC), which is recommended
by the PMP under both the NEDC and FTP-75 test modes on a chassis dynamometer. The experimental results indicate that the
PN emission characteristics that were obtained by the CPC system using the PMP procedure are sufficiently reliable compared
to other regulated emissions. Additionally, the sources of PN emissions in ascending order of magnitude are as follows: mixer
type, gas-phase LPG injection (LPGi) and liquid-phase LPG injection (LPLi) passenger vehicles. The liquid-phase LPG injection
system produced relatively large particle sizes and number concentrations compared to the gaseous system, regardless of the
vehicle driving cycle. This phenomenon can be explained by unburned micro-fuel droplets that were generated due to a relatively
short homogeneous fuel-air mixture duration in the engine intake manifold. Also the particle number emissions from the LPG
vehicle were influenced by the vehicle driving cycle. 相似文献
492.
S. M. Park T. W. Park S. H. Lee S. W. Han S. K. Kwon 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(1):49-56
In this study, a new concept for a power delivery system is developed. Power Shift Drive (PSD) Axle vehicle modeling and dynamic
movement analysis are performed via simulation. The dynamic vehicle model is constructed from data obtained from the derived
equation, considering the specific characteristics of each part. The model is composed of a torque converter, a gear box,
a differential, hub reduction and an engine, which is the power source of the 1st forward and reverse PSD-Axle. By unifying
the mathematical equations for each component, a mathematical model of the 1st forward gear is derived. The system dynamic
model is created using MATLAB/Simulink based on the mathematical model. Simulation is carried out using Simulink to estimate
the dynamic behavior of the PSD-Axle. In addition, the dynamo test result is used to verify the model. Finally, a successful
model is created. This study will be used to establish the basic conceptual design for the PSD-Axle multi-gear system. 相似文献
493.
S. B. Han Y. H. Chang E. Y. Lee Y. J. Chung B. Suh 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(1):105-110
Hybrids combine a combustion engine with an electric motor and battery. The two technologies can be combined to reduce fuel
consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the concept of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applied to truck or
van vehicles with diesel engines. The simulation results from the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) demonstrate that the
required power may be properly shared between the internal combustion engine and electric motor. The simulation can also be
used to prove that the technique is useful for improvements in driving performance; additionally, the technique is suitable
for hybrid electric vehicles, allowing for good fuel economy and low emissions performance. 相似文献
494.
This paper describes an optimum distribution method for yaw moment for use with unified chassis control (UCC) with limitations
on the active front steering (AFS) angle. Although the UCC has been assumed to have no AFS angle limitation in the literature,
a physical limitation exists in real applications. To improve upon the previous method, a new optimum distribution method
for yaw moment is proposed that takes this limitation into account. This method derives an optimum longitudinal/lateral force
using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality condition, and a simulation is performed to validate the proposed method. The
simulation results indicate that the limitation on the AFS angle increases longitudinal braking force and, therefore, reduces
the vehicle speed and the side-slip angle. 相似文献
495.
Active coolant control strategies in automotive engines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. B. Kim K. W. Choi K. H. Lee K. S. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(6):767-772
The coolant flow rate in conventional cooling systems in automotive engines is subject to the mechanical water pump speed,
and high efficiency in terms of fuel economy and exhaust emission is not possible given this limitation. A new technology
must be developed for engine cooling systems. The electronic water pump is used as a substitute for the mechanical water pump
in new engine cooling systems. The new cooling system provides more flexible control of the coolant flow rate and engine temperature,
which previously relied strongly on engine driving conditions such as load and speed. In this study, the feasibility of two
new cooling strategies was investigated using a simulation model that was validated with temperatures measured in a diesel
engine. Results revealed that active coolant control using an electronic water pump and valves substantially contributed to
a reduction of coolant warm-up time during cold engine starts. Harmful emissions and fuel consumption are expected to decrease
as a result of a reduction in warm-up time. 相似文献
496.
通过把车辆和桥梁看作一个耦合系统来建立模型去求解桥梁的车致动力反应。文中研究了由AASHTO HS20卡车引起的不同跨径的短板桥的动力反应。利用参数分析来研究不同车速及不同路面状况所产生的效应。研究发现,引起桥梁动力反应峰值的临界车速遵循描述列车致桥梁共振的规则。分析中考虑了引桥状态的影响包括引桥桥头断层及引桥板形变。虽然引桥变形对桥梁的动力反应影响微小,但是在研究中却发现引桥桥头断层能在短跨板桥中引起显著的动力反应。该文对评价既有短跨径桥梁的动力性能有很大的意义,因此值得中国从业者借鉴。 相似文献
497.
S. Lee D. H. Lee M. H. Kim K. C. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(4):525-531
The controller area network (CAN) is the dominant protocol for in-vehicle network (IVN) systems because it provides bounded transmission delay among electronic control units (ECUs) at data rates between 100 Kbps and 1 Mbps. Many automotive companies have chosen the CAN protocol for their chassis network system of intelligent vehicles. However, the increasing number of ECUs in intelligent vehicles and the need for more intelligent functions require a network system with more network capacity and real-time capability. As one approach to enhance the network capacity of a CAN system, this paper introduces a CAN system with dual communication channels. This paper also presents a traffic-balancing algorithm that predicts the traffic of each channel and allocates frames to the most appropriate channel. An experimental testbed using commercial off-the-shelf microcontrollers with two CAN controllers was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the traffic-balancing algorithm. 相似文献
498.
T. -Y. Koo B. -Y. Kim H. -J. Shin Y. -T. Son S. -W. Kim M. -W. Suh 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(5):743-749
Driving simulators are useful tools that can be used not only to test the components of future cars, but also to evaluate
the telematics service and HMI (Human-Machine Interface). However, driving simulators that are currently available cannot
be implemented to test and evaluate a real commercial telematics service system because the GPS (Global Positioning System),
which contains basic functional support for the telematics module, does not work in the VR (virtual reality) environment.
A driving simulator, together with the GPS simulator, can be used to study the HMI to evaluate commercial CNS (Car Navigation
Systems). In this paper, Sungkyunkwan University Driving Simulator (SKUD) is developed with a GPS simulator that is able to
emulate GPS satellite signals and includes the NMEA-0183 protocol and RS232C communication standards. Furthermore, using the
SKUD, the HMI of the real commercial CNS could be investigated with driver workload assessment methods. 相似文献
499.
H. S. Kook S. R. Shin K. D. Ih D. B. Kim D. H. Yu 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(1):55-63
The large-scale shear flows over the sunroof opening of a mid-sized SUV measured using a PIV system were investigated. The
shear flows were measured for five different cases of deflector protrusion (one case was the baseline test without deflector)
at two different free stream flow velocities below the critical velocity where the buffeting noise level reached a maximum.
The structures of the shear flows were observed to differ, apparently depending on whether the radiated buffeting noise is
relatively strong or not. For strongly buffeting experimental cases, the momentum thicknesses of the shear layers were observed
to grow rapidly and saturated at a station near the downstream edge of the sunroof opening, where the saturation of the transverse
velocity fluctuations was also observed, and where the vortex coalescence process was presumably completed. On the other hand,
no discrete large-scale vortex structures were observed for none-buffeting or weakly buffeting cases. Streamwise growth of
the velocity fluctuations was found to be well predicted by a linear hydrodynamic instability analysis for the strongly buffeting
cases. Numerical results obtained from a linear inviscid instability analysis using a hyperbolic tangent mean velocity profile
were used to calculate the amplification factors with the initial momentum thickness and the streamwise fluctuation wavenumber.
The shear flows were found to form large-scale discrete vortices when the linear inviscid amplification factors exceeded a
threshold amplification factor. 相似文献
500.
G. S. Jung Y. H. Sung B. C. Choi M. T. Lim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(1):1-7
Compression ignition of homogeneous charges in internal combustion (IC) engines is expected to offer high efficiency of DI
diesel engines without high levels of NOx and particulate emissions. This study is intended to find ways of extending the
rich limit of HCCI operation, one of the problems yet to be overcome. Exhaust emissions characteristics are also explored
through analyses of the combustion products. DME fuel, either mixed with air before induction or directly injected into the
combustion chamber of a rapid compression and expansion machine, is compressed to ignite under various conditions of compression
ratio, equivalence ratio, and injection timing. The characteristics of the resulting combustion and exhaust emissions are
discussed in terms of the rate of heat release computed from the measured pressure, and the concentrations of THC, CO, and
NOx are measured by FT-IR and CLD. The experimental data to date show that operation without knock is possible with mixtures
of higher equivalence ratio when DME is directly injected rather than when it is inducted in the form of a perfectly homogeneous
fuel-air mixture. Although fuel injected early in the compression stroke promotes homogeneity of the DME-air mixture in the
cylinder, it causes the mixture to ignite too early to secure good thermal efficiency and knock-free operation at high loads.
Low temperature reactions occur at about 660K regardless of the fueling methods, fuel injection timing and equivalence ratio.
The main components of hydrocarbon emissions turned out to be unburned fuel (DME), formaldehyde and methane. 相似文献