新型模糊PID控制在UUV操纵上的研究

水下航行器的操纵控制是较难控制的系统,其非线性强,惯性大,模型不确定.传统PID控制已经不能适应这种复杂对象的控制.模糊控制引入了人的思维及专家的经验,能够很好的弥补PID控制的不足.本文研究的Fuzzy PI＋ Fuzzy ID型控制器结合了PID控制与模糊控制的优点,它根据误差的变化实时调整PID的参数,以达到良好的控制效果.仿真试验表明,Fuzzy PI ＋Fuzzy ID型控制器反应速度快,超调量小,过渡时间短,鲁棒性好,可以适用于水下航行器的操纵控制.     

级联系统变换器阻抗分析与稳定性改善方法研究

在级联系统稳定性判据基础上,分析级联系统前后级模块的阻抗比关系,讨论了LC滤波电路对后级负载输入阻抗的影响及其对级联系统稳定性的改善作用,介绍了电流源扰动注入法测试级联系统稳定性的方法,通过实验验证LC滤波电路对级联稳定性的改善作用.     

污垢组合对印度玛纳尔湾水域低碳钢腐蚀行为的影响研究(英文)

Corrosion behaviour and biofouling characteristics of mild steel in three different coastal locations in the Gulf of Mannar,India have been studied over a period of 24 months.Oyster fouling was predominant at Open sea-Tuticorin,while barnacle fouling was dominant at both Mandapam and Harbour-Tuticorin.The rate of corrosion for 24 months exposure period was highest at Mandapam,where fouling was minimal.The surface of the mild steel was characterized by etchings&crevices beneath the hard foulers attached on it,at all the test locations.The depth of crevice caused by hard foulers was higher at Open sea-Tuticorin followed by Harbour-Tuticorin and Mandapam.The loss in ultimate tensile strength was more in Open sea-Tuticorin than the other two locations.Corrosion behaviour of mild steel is discussed based on the variation in the biofouling assemblage at the three test locations.     

山区高墩大跨连续刚构桥施工阶段稳定性影响参数分析

以某连续刚构桥为工程背景,利用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立数值模型,研究结构初始缺陷、荷载因素和结构设计参数对山区高墩大跨连续刚构桥施工阶段稳定性的影响程度,得出不同参数对高墩大跨连续刚构桥施工过程稳定性影响的规律及原因。结果表明:结构初始几何缺陷、初始材料缺陷、风荷载、温度荷载、施工不平衡荷载和结构材料强度对结构施工阶段的稳定性影响较大,应采取适当的控制措施,保证结构在施工阶段的稳定性和安全性。     

应用于转向机器人的Zigbee无线测控系统

转向机器人操作稳定性试验能客观评价汽车各项行驶性能.针对传统试验存在的布线复杂和易出错等问题,提出了一种基于Zigbee的无线测控系统,以CC2430芯片为核心的多种传感器节点的硬件和软件的总体设计.该系统能够对汽车的动态参数信号进行实时采集,同时可通过ZigBee无线网络进行实时、安全、可靠的通信.     

梁桥横向稳定验算中倾覆轴的选取

基于目前工程中采用倾覆稳定系数对梁桥横向稳定进行验算的方法,讨论了不同支座布置形式、不同曲率半径条件下结构倾覆轴的选取。理论推导和有限元计算结果表明:联端外侧两支座连线外无支座的直线梁桥和大曲率半径的曲线梁桥,倾覆轴应选取该连线;联端外侧两支座连线外有支座的曲线梁桥,倾覆轴应选取跨中位置相邻两跨外侧支座的连线。     

Cost-effectiveness assessment of CO2 reducing measures in shipping

International shipping is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and is under mounting pressure to contribute to overall GHG emission reductions. There is an ongoing debate regarding how much the sector could be expected to reduce emissions and how the reduction could be achieved. This paper details a methodology for assessing the cost-effectiveness of technical and operational measures for reducing CO₂ emissions from shipping, through the development of an evaluation parameter called the Cost of Averting a Tonne of CO₂-eq Heating, CATCH, and decision criterion, against which the evaluation parameter should be evaluated. The methodology is in line with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and with regulatory work on safety and environmental protection issues at the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

The results of this study suggest that CATCH <50 $/tonne of CO₂-eq should be used as a decision criterion for investment in emission reduction measures for shipping. In total, 13 specific measures for reducing CO₂ emissions have been analysed for two selected case ships to illustrate the methodology. Results from this work shows that several measures are cost effective according to the proposed criterion. The results suggest that cost effective reductions for the fleet may well be in the order of 30% for technical measures, and above 50% when including speed reductions. The results of this study show that the cost effectiveness approach for the regulation of shipping emissions is viable and should be pursued in the ongoing regulatory process.     

Effect of proposed CO2 emission reduction scenarios on capital expenditure

The International Maritime Organisation is currently working on establishing regulations for international shipping regarding greenhouse gas emissions, and a cost-effectiveness approach has been suggested as one method for determining the necessary reductions in emissions from shipping. Previous studies have investigated the CO₂ emission reduction potential for the world shipping fleet up to 2030 and the associated marginal abatement cost levels. To analyse the cost implications of different emission reduction scenarios, this study has calculated the emission reduction potential and additional capital expenditure for 25 CO₂ emission reduction measures applied to 59 ship segments. The expected fleet development over time, keeping track of new ships built from 2010 to 2030 and Existing ships built prior to 2010 and still in operation by 2030, have been modelled. Two alternative approaches to find the cost-effective potential in the world shipping fleet have been applied. One approach is to implement only measures which in themselves are cost-effective (measure-by-measure), and another approach is to implement measures as long as the net savings from cost-effective measures balance the costs of non-cost-effective measures (set of measures). The results demonstrate that by 2030, the majority (93%) of the reduction potential will be related to new ships. Our results show that the measure-by-measure approach would decrease the CO₂ emissions by 30% for new ships while the set-of-measures approach with 53% (of the 2030 baseline emissions of 1316?Mt). The implication of achieving such emission reduction is an increase in the capital expenditure on New ships by 6% (USD 183 billion) and 27% (USD 761 billion), respectively, in the period 2010 to 2030 compared to a business-as-usual scenario. The measure-by-measure approach yields a 5% decrease in CO₂ emission per 1% increase in capital expenditure, while the set-of-measures approach yields a 2% decrease per 1% increase. This is due to the significant variation in capital intensity of the different measures, ranging from almost zero to USD 200 per tonne of CO₂ averted. The results of this study are useful for the shipping industry to assess the economic burden that must be shouldered in order to implement abatement measures under different CO₂ emission reduction scenarios.     

An empirical assessment of relational competitive advantage in professional ship management

Intense competition in many sectors across the maritime industry and in professional ship management in particular, means that the quest for achieving competitiveness will continue and intensify. A review of the current strategies across many sectors of the industry indicates the importance of forging stable partnerships for the achievement of competitiveness. Considering that the capability to form a relationship is an intangible resource (as depicted in resource-advantage theory), an empirical assessment in the context of ship management was undertaken. The assessment aimed to identify the type of relationships present in ship management, and succeeded in classifying those relationships into four distinct groups. The central thesis of the paper is that maritime organizations in general, and ship management companies in particular, may utilize their intangible relational resources in order to achieve competitive advantage. Based on the classification of ship management relationships, implications for managers are discussed.     

Attitudes toward Participation in Cooperative Coastal Management: Four European Case Studies

Findings are reported of the VALCOAST project that had as one of its research objectives to ascertain: (a) stakeholder willingness to participate and cooperate in coastal management (CM), given local and national CM practices; and (b) stakeholder assessment of the "accessibility" and "friendliness" of current CM processes. The project involved case studies and stakeholder interviews in Belgium, Greece, Spain, and the UK. Major findings include: (1) most stakeholders are willing to cooperate in three out of the four case areas, but not to the same extent; (2) the participating "officials" in the case studies are expecting the stakeholders to be less willing to cooperate than the latter indicate; (3) stakeholders in all case studies do not expect to be heard by those responsible for CM, find it difficult to learn about the relevant institutional arrangements, and consider the communication of the objectives and anticipated impacts of CM policies to be inadequate. It is concluded that the strong evidence of stakeholders' potential willingness to cooperate in local initiatives is very encouraging for a devolved, regional approach to European Union coastal management policies, provided that this potential is capitalized upon in such policy processes.