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91.
为解决传统物探方法在城市盾构隧道工程中难以对地层扰动达到较好探测和监测目的,提出了主动源瑞利面波椭圆极化方法. 采用二维有限元数值模拟对实际盾构隧道施工背景下的地层情况进行全波场正演模拟,并对其波场传播、速度频散和椭圆极化频散等特征进行分析;结合工程实例,进一步将椭圆极化方法和传统速度频散方法进行对比研究. 研究结果表明:主动源瑞利面波椭圆极化方法在探测地下介质结构分布及监测地下空洞等异常结构的变化方面具有和传统速度频散方法同样的探测效果,但由于其不需要长大检波器排列,对周围环境震动等噪声抗干扰能力相对较强,因此更适合城市等场地受限和具有一定震动和噪声干扰的环境,从而具有更广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
92.
93.
G. Georgiou G. Verros S. Natsiavas 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2007,45(1):77-92
A systematic methodology is applied in an effort to select optimum values for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of two degrees of freedom quarter-car models, subjected to road excitation. First, models involving passive suspension dampers with constant or dual rate characteristics are considered. In addition, models with semi-active suspensions are also examined. Moreover, special emphasis is put in modeling possible temporary separations of the wheel from the ground. For all these models, appropriate methodologies are employed for capturing the motions of the vehicle resulting from passing with a constant horizontal speed over roads involving an isolated or a distributed geometric irregularity. The optimization process is based on three suitable performance criteria, related to ride comfort, suspension travel and road holding of the vehicle and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. As these criteria are conflicting, a suitable multi-objective optimization methodology is set up and applied. As a result, a series of diagrams with typical numerical results are presented and compared in both the corresponding objective spaces (in the form of classical Pareto fronts) and parameter spaces. 相似文献
94.
Y. Q. Sun S. Simson 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2007,45(2):113-132
A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations. 相似文献
95.
495ZLQ柴油机参数匹配与性能计算分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用发动机模拟计算软件BOOST建立了495ZLQ柴油机的计算分析模型,探讨分析了不同增压器型式、排气管结构、压缩比及供油提前角等匹配参数对整机性能的影响,并确定了较合适的匹配参数。对选定的柴油机优化方案进行了标定转速3 200 r/min和最大扭矩转速2 200 r/min下的负荷特性模拟计算分析与试验验证。结果表明,模拟计算结果与试验值较为一致,柴油机性能符合预定的目标,为该柴油机改进设计与试验研究提供理论依据和研究方向。 相似文献
96.
In this paper, reasonable paths in transit networks are defined as possible paths that satisfy the acceptable time criterion and transfer‐walk criterion. A recursive algorithm for finding all of the reasonable paths in a transit network that does not involve a rapid increase in program run‐time with network size is presented. Realistic transit networks in Hong Kong and Guangzhou were selected as case studies of the different phases of the development of a trip planning system. Transport planning practitioners and potential users were invited to test the system to evaluate its performance. The results of the prototype evaluation were satisfactory, and the viability of the system as a useful tool for supporting decision‐making has been confirmed by the positive feedback that was obtained from survey questionnaires. 相似文献
97.
An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their
physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics,
neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation
is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is
drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts
of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels. 相似文献
98.
Optimal Preview Control of a Two-dof Vehicle Model Using Stochastic Optimal Control Theory 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S. Senthil S. Narayanan 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1996,25(6):413-430
An optimal preview control algorithm is applied to a two degree of freedom(dof) vehicle model travelling with constant velocity on a randomly profiled road. The road roughness is modelled as a homogeneous random process being the output of a linear first order filter to white noise. The input from the road irregularity is assumed to be measured at some distance in front of the vehicle and this measured infonnation is utilized by the active controller to prepare the system for the ensuing input. The preview control algorithm is obtained by minimizing a quadratic performance index and by describing the average behaviour of the system by the covariance matrix of the vehicle response state vector. Results are presented for full state feedback and significant improvements in sprung mass acceleration, suspension working space and road holding are observed. 相似文献
99.
100.
The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available
for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to predict hourly traffic flows up to and into the near
future, using historical data collected from the Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census (ATC). Two parametric and two non-parametric
models have been employed and evaluated in this study. The results show that the non-parametric models (Non-Parametric Regression
(NPR) and Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML)) were more promising for predicting hourly traffic flows at the selected ATC station.
Further analysis encompassing 87 ATC stations revealed that the NPR is likely to react to unexpected changes more effectively
than the GML method, while the GML model performs better under steady traffic flows. Taking into consideration the dynamic
nature of the common traffic patterns in Hong Kong and the advantages/disadvantages of the various models, the NPR model is
recommended for predicting the hourly traffic flows in that region. 相似文献