航运业碳减排和零碳发展面临的挑战与应对建议

为积极响应"2030年碳达峰、2060年碳中和"的发展目标,碳减排和零碳排放逐渐成为了航运业未来发展的重要方向.对国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization,IMO)推出的碳减排方案和措施进行梳理;同时,总结国外航运业低碳发展的现状,并对其采取的措施和技术方法的优势及存在的问题进行分析.在此基础上,提出基于减碳和零碳排放目标的应对建议,供我国航运业的碳减排和零碳发展参考.     

基于蒙特卡洛法的抛锚撞击海管概率分析

针对船舶抛锚撞击海底管道事故频发,撞击概率计算过程较复杂且适用范围有限的问题,对现有方法进行改进,基于蒙特卡洛方法建立抛锚统计试验模型,对某一条件下船舶抛锚对海底管道的撞击概率进行计算,结果表明:对现有方法进行改进或利用蒙特卡洛方法能较好地反映船舶抛锚对海底管道的撞击概率变化特性,可应用于危险区域的抛锚预警和海上禁锚区的设置。     

多目标协同下长江上游航道承载力评价*

为了进一步深化长江航道承载力的相关研究,探求航道的提升潜力,基于生态、经济、水资源配置和防洪多目标协同下航道承载力概念,以长江上游广阳坝河段为例,根据航段特性,结合影响因素互适机理,针对性地选择评价指标,初步构建航道承载力评价模型体系,分析计算该河段3.5、4.5及6.0 m航道水深下航道承载力综合评价值。结果表明,6.0 m航道水深下承载力状态最佳;广阳坝河段在综合考虑上述目标影响后,对于航道水深还有一定的提升空间。     

软弱夹层对隧道光面爆破效果影响机理研究

以一实际隧道为工程依托,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟方法,针对含软弱夹层围岩隧道光面爆破成型效果问题开展研究。根据软弱夹层与隧道光爆层的相对位置关系,对软弱夹层的空间分布形态特征进行归类和概化处理,提出一种适用于分析软弱夹层影响下光爆层爆破成型效果的概化模型;开展软弱夹层对隧道爆破成型效果影响的多工况数值计算,分别从爆炸应力波的传播及爆生气体的楔入2个方面探讨软弱夹层对隧道爆破成型效果的影响机理,推演得到不同软弱夹层赋存状态下隧道爆破成型轮廓分布图式;结合工程实际施工情况,提出软弱夹层条件下隧道超欠挖爆破控制措施并进行爆破试验验证。结果表明,推演的软弱夹层条件下爆破成型与实际吻合较好;爆破参数调整后,隧道爆破成型效果理想。     

基于主元分析-概率神经网络的车辆受电弓故障诊断

在城市轨道交通车辆受电弓日常检修过程中,大量检修及故障数据未得到合理利用。针对计划检修已不能满足目前受电弓检修要求的问题,提出了一种基于主元分析和概率神经网络结合的故障诊断方法。该方法运用主元分析法对受电弓日常检修中的初始特征参数进行降维,将降维后特征参数输入到概率神经网络模型中进行故障诊断,判定受电弓故障模式。仿真结果表明,该诊断方法耗时短、正确性高。     

Research on the Influence of Vertical Deformation of Bridge on the Track RegularityEI北大核心

Research purposes: The vertical deformation of high-speed railway (HSR) bridge will cause the track irregularity, which threatens the safe and efficient operation of the HSR. Taking the 32 m simple supported beam bridge as the research object, based on the existing mapping analytical model for bridge vertical deformation and rail geometry, the influence of the track regularity of the CRTS Ⅰ slab ballastless track structure caused by the key parameters such as the bridge vertical deformation amplitude, the hanging length of the beam end and the vertical stiffness of mortar layer were studied, and the corresponding measures to control the rail deformation were proposed, to provide theoretical reference for comprehensive treatment of rail deformation of HSR bridge. Research conclusions:(1) The pier settlement, the vertical rotation of the beam end and the beam fault will cause the rail to follow the beam deformation, and "up-warping" of the rail on the vertical deformation boundary will appear. (2) The rail deformation is directly proportional to the vertical deformation amplitude of the bridge and the key to control the rail deformation is to reduce the vertical deformation of the bridge. (3) The rail deformation can be controlled by reducing the hanging length of beam and vertical stiffness of mortar layer. (4) The research results can provide a theoretical reference for controlling the vertical rail deformation of high-speed railway bridges. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

The Reinforcement Analysis of Prestressed Anchor Frame Beam in the Deep Cutting Slope under Three Dimensional Strong EarthquakeEI北大核心

Research purposes: In order to further study the reinforcement of prestressed anchor frame beam in the deep cutting slope under three dimensional strong earthquake, a model of the deep cutting slope is built through FLAC 3D simulation software, the seismic wave to the model from three directions of x,y and z is input, and the dynamic response of the slope is analyzed. Then, the prestressed anchor frame beam reinforcement measures are applied to the model, and this paper analyzes the reinforcement effect of the prestressed anchor frame beam to the deep cutting slope under three dimensional strong earthquake. Research conclusions:(1) The prestressed anchor frame beam has a good effect on restraining the horizontal displacement of the deep cutting slope. (2) Under the three dimensional strong earthquake, the prestressed anchor frame beam has a good effect on the horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity of the deep cutting slope, which reduces the peak of horizontal acceleration and horizontal velocity. (3) Through the comparison of the response before and after the reinforcement of the prestressed anchor frame beam is given under the 9 degrees three dimensional strong earthquake, it can be concluded that the prestressed anchor frame beam can provide good reinforcement effect to the deep cutting slope. (4) This research can be used for reference to the earthquake resistance of the slope engineering. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

上海地铁3号线车轮踏面异常磨耗分析

介绍了上海地铁3号线车轮踏面的异常磨耗情况,对车轮踏面异常磨耗的原因进行了分析,并提出解决上海地铁3号线车轮踏面异常磨耗的若干建议。     

基于Multi-Agent的分布式计算机联锁系统研究

目前计算机联锁系统多采用集中式控制结构,为适应铁路大提速,以及信号系统智能化、网络化、分散化发展要求,讨论一种新型的基于Multi-Agent的分布式计算机联锁系统,实现了地理上和功能上的分散控制,有助于分散危险,增强系统的可靠性。在对该系统的体系结构进行探讨的基础上,着重对其通信机制与协作机制进行了研究。     

曲线对高速货车转向架焊接部件疲劳损伤的影响

依据UIC510—3:1994规定的疲劳试验加载方法,基于有限元法研究了不同左右曲线变换次数取值时高速货车转向架焊接构架及摇枕疲劳关注部位累积损伤的变化程度及规律。仿真结果及综合分析表明,当左右曲线变换次数取值变化并不十分显著时,其对结构疲劳损伤影响很小,样机疲劳试验中可直接应用UIC规范中的建议值。