Evaluation of factors for carrier selection in the China Pearl River delta

The efficient integration of logistics modes is critical for international cargo shipping. The local transportation connecting to the export port then plays a vital role in such integration. This paper investigates the problems of carrier selection in the China Pearl River delta area, with respect to international shipping. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model is constructed based on a comprehensive industrial interviews and statistical analysis. Rather than simply ranking the given alternatives, we use AHP is used to analyse the weakness and strength of impacting factors in carrier selection. The model is implemented under different types of shipper. Seven criteria are statistically summarized from the questionnaire for evaluating eight different modes. The results are useful to those liner companies serving the PRD region in relationship to port selection and fleet deployment.     

高压引水隧洞斜井开挖施工技术

在所有隧洞施工中,高压隧洞斜井是施工技术含量最高、难度最大的。结合惠州抽水蓄能电站工程实例,介绍了高压隧洞斜井的工程设计概况,阐述了隧洞斜井的施工方法和一些合理的施工工序。     

Off-set crack propagation analysis under mixed mode loadings

An assessment was carried out herein to study the eccentricity of cracks subjected to mixed-mode loadings. Several loading locations relative to a central line were selected to induce mixed-mode loadings, which were computed using a finite element method. An adaptive meshing technique was adopted during the simulation of crack propagation to ensure the singularity of stress at the tip of the crack. The stress intensity failure criterion was used and programmed, and the node splitting technique was used when the stress intensity factor reached the fracture toughness of the material to simulate crack propagations. It was found that large variations in the stress intensity factor were observed when off-set cracks were used, and that K _II decreased when loading distance increased, but increased when the off-set crack distance was increased. Both crack eccentricity and loading distance played important roles in producing mixed-mode loading, compared to the influence of central cracks. Correction factors were introduced to modify the calculation of stress intensity factors under mixed-mode loadings. Simulations of crack propagation were also conducted to study the effects of crack eccentricities and loading distances. It was found that the crack length, the loading distance relative to the central crack and the crack eccentricity dominated calculations of the integrity of cracked structures.     

Sampling of alternatives for route choice modeling

This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation.     

陕北黄土地区铁路复线施工中的软基处理

根据包西铁路鱼和至米脂新增二线地段软基处理的实践,阐述了陕北黄土地区软基的成因和特点,论述了黄土地区既有线侧软基处理的方案比选和优化,总结了复线施工中既有线软基处理施工的特点和注意事项。     

铁路大宗货物重来重去运输研究及发展建议

重来重去运输是一种均衡运输理念，是铁路加快车辆周转，提高运输效率和效益的有效途径。重来重去运输是基于系统论思想精髓，从运输系统的整体效率、效益最大化着眼，在综合考虑全行业资源配置和发展规划的基础上做出的统一规划，反映了精细化管理的思想，创新了运输组织理念。     

方中空夹层钢管混凝土双向偏压构件的承载力计算

采用纤维模型法对方中空夹层钢管混凝土双向偏压构件的荷载-变形全过程关系进行了计算；在此基础上，绘出了典型的承载力相关曲面，可供工程设计参考。     

严峻问题——经济、燃油或本、运力、码头运输工人联盟谈判产生了不确定性

今年关于太平洋航线有两个不确定因素，即美国进口量增长将会大大放缓，同时美国出口量会继续增加。因此，几乎所有其他的问题都是不确定的：进口量是否会增长还是会减少？航运公司是否会随着船只规模的增加，而为贸易业务分配更多运力，或者仅仅保持现有运力？他们是否能够成功增加运费以弥补成本的增长？发货人是否同意支付完全不固定的船舶燃油附加费？