全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11890篇 |
免费 | 171篇 |
专业分类
公路运输 | 2948篇 |
综合类 | 1517篇 |
水路运输 | 3581篇 |
铁路运输 | 1475篇 |
综合运输 | 2540篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 48篇 |
2022年 | 166篇 |
2021年 | 183篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 109篇 |
2018年 | 224篇 |
2017年 | 153篇 |
2016年 | 241篇 |
2015年 | 160篇 |
2014年 | 353篇 |
2013年 | 1421篇 |
2012年 | 598篇 |
2011年 | 697篇 |
2010年 | 585篇 |
2009年 | 672篇 |
2008年 | 627篇 |
2007年 | 677篇 |
2006年 | 616篇 |
2005年 | 520篇 |
2004年 | 364篇 |
2003年 | 250篇 |
2002年 | 210篇 |
2001年 | 224篇 |
2000年 | 212篇 |
1999年 | 147篇 |
1998年 | 168篇 |
1997年 | 143篇 |
1996年 | 169篇 |
1995年 | 166篇 |
1994年 | 95篇 |
1993年 | 202篇 |
1992年 | 173篇 |
1991年 | 89篇 |
1990年 | 90篇 |
1989年 | 67篇 |
1988年 | 76篇 |
1987年 | 66篇 |
1986年 | 59篇 |
1985年 | 78篇 |
1984年 | 75篇 |
1983年 | 73篇 |
1982年 | 73篇 |
1981年 | 95篇 |
1980年 | 68篇 |
1979年 | 91篇 |
1978年 | 56篇 |
1977年 | 69篇 |
1976年 | 53篇 |
1975年 | 65篇 |
1974年 | 50篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
921.
Panagiotis Ch. Anastasopoulos Raymond J.G.M. Florax Samuel Labi Mathew G. Karlaftis 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2010,44(3):136-146
Highway agencies around the world strive to improve practices for infrastructure maintenance and rehabilitation, using project delivery policies that range from total ‘in-house’ responsibility to complete privatization, with a number of flexible contracting policies such as performance-based contracting, variants of design-build-maintain, and lane rentals among others between these two extremes. In this paper, we present a methodology that duly accounts for underlying spatial effects and estimates the expected cost savings of innovative contracting policies for highway maintenance and rehabilitation relative to in-house execution of these activities. Spatial econometric modeling is used to analyze highway contract data from 49 countries. We also investigate the marginal effects of key explanatory variables on contract cost savings using spatial multipliers. Our findings show that there are significant relationships between cost savings and contract characteristics, and that there is an apparent direct relationship between the average cost savings of contracts in a country and contract average cost savings and contract sizes in neighboring countries. 相似文献
922.
Aklesso Egbendewe-Mondzozo Lindsey M. Higgins W. Douglass Shaw 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2010,44(5):281-290
Red-light cameras placed at intersections have the potential to increase safety, but they are often viewed as an invasion of privacy. Preferences for these cameras were explored using a stated choice model that presents key attributes of camera placements. Stated choice models involve careful experimental design, akin to experimental control in laboratory settings. A variety of design approaches were used, settling on a composition of the choice sets people face in the survey. To illustrate the approach, an internet survey was used with a convenience sample containing a high percentage of college students. The results show that while not the case independently, as the number of cameras and fines for violators are simultaneously increased, the preferences for one particular red light cameras program are likely to improve. 相似文献
923.
Kazuyuki Iwata Toshi H. Arimura 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(3):157-167
This paper examines the vehicle type regulation that was introduced under the Automobile Nitrogen Oxides–Particulate Matter Law to mitigate air pollution in Japanese metropolitan areas. The vehicle type regulation effectively sets the timing for vehicle retirement by initial registration year and type. However, there was no consideration of cost or efficiency in choosing the timing of retirement. We solve an optimal problem to maximize the social net benefit under the current framework of the vehicle type regulation. The analysis finds that the net benefit can more than double if the optimal retirement timing is chosen. Further, we find that even a simple alteration of the retirement timing can increase the social net benefit by 13%. 相似文献
924.
上中路隧道、军工路隧道作为上海市城市中环线建设中两个重要的穿越黄浦江节点工程,均采用双管双层隧道方案。结合两个工程的设计,介绍了隧道出盾构工作井后两种不同的平面展线形式,同时分析了"燕尾型"展线与"鱼叉型"展线在各个方面的优缺点。 相似文献
925.
The efficient integration of logistics modes is critical for international cargo shipping. The local transportation connecting to the export port then plays a vital role in such integration. This paper investigates the problems of carrier selection in the China Pearl River delta area, with respect to international shipping. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model is constructed based on a comprehensive industrial interviews and statistical analysis. Rather than simply ranking the given alternatives, we use AHP is used to analyse the weakness and strength of impacting factors in carrier selection. The model is implemented under different types of shipper. Seven criteria are statistically summarized from the questionnaire for evaluating eight different modes. The results are useful to those liner companies serving the PRD region in relationship to port selection and fleet deployment. 相似文献
926.
927.
928.
A. E. Ismail A. K. Ariffin S. Abdullah M. J. Ghazali 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2011,12(2):225-232
An assessment was carried out herein to study the eccentricity of cracks subjected to mixed-mode loadings. Several loading
locations relative to a central line were selected to induce mixed-mode loadings, which were computed using a finite element
method. An adaptive meshing technique was adopted during the simulation of crack propagation to ensure the singularity of
stress at the tip of the crack. The stress intensity failure criterion was used and programmed, and the node splitting technique
was used when the stress intensity factor reached the fracture toughness of the material to simulate crack propagations. It
was found that large variations in the stress intensity factor were observed when off-set cracks were used, and that K
II
decreased when loading distance increased, but increased when the off-set crack distance was increased. Both crack eccentricity
and loading distance played important roles in producing mixed-mode loading, compared to the influence of central cracks.
Correction factors were introduced to modify the calculation of stress intensity factors under mixed-mode loadings. Simulations
of crack propagation were also conducted to study the effects of crack eccentricities and loading distances. It was found
that the crack length, the loading distance relative to the central crack and the crack eccentricity dominated calculations
of the integrity of cracked structures. 相似文献
929.
930.
E. Frejinger M. Bierlaire M. Ben-Akiva 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2009,43(10):984-994
This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation. 相似文献