交通环境对交通安全的影响及对策

交通安全涉及人、车、道路及环境等诸多因素,对交通事故的成因分析表明,驾驶员的责任是主要影响因素,其次是车辆和道路因素。但不容忽视的是,目前关于交通环境对事故影响的研究尚不够充分;交通管理部门确定事故原因也主要从人、车2 因素入手,较少涉及交通环境因素。事实上,作为事故的间接原因,交通环境常常通过间接作用影响安全,亦即不良的交通环境诱发人的不安全行为,从而导致人员违章等交通事故的发生。     

Eddies around Madagascar — The retroflection re-considered

The Agulhas Current with its retroflection and attendant eddy-shedding is the cause of some of the greatest mesoscale variability in the ocean. This paper considers the area to the south and east of Madagascar, which provides some of the source waters of the Agulhas Current, and examines the propagating sea surface height signals in altimetry and output from a numerical model, OCCAM. Both show bands of variability along the axis of the East Madagascar Current (EMC) and along a zonal band near 25°S. Sequences of images plus associated temperature data suggest that a number of westward-propagating eddies are present in this zonal band. The paper then focuses on the region to the south of the island, where ocean colour and infra-red imagery are evocative of an East Madagascar Retroflection. The synthesis of data analysed in this paper, however, shows that remotely observed features in this area can be explained by anticyclonic eddies moving westward through the region, and this explanation is consistent with numerical model output and the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

铁路多功能安全视讯系统

从既有现状可以看出，现有的铁路视频监控、视频会议及远程教育系统，无法满足安全生产监控的各项需求，系统较为分散、覆盖面小，功能不足且无法实现资源共享，需要进一步建设和完善。随着视频技术、网络技术飞速发展以及通信网的不断完善，在技术上建设一个统一的、安全的生产监控平台已成为可能，不仅建设成本较低，节省投资，而且统一的管理和维护平台，也可保证平台稳定性，易于资源共享。     

Second-order perturbation added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms

Total motion in waves can be considered as a superposition of the motion of the body in still water and the forces on the restrained body. In this study the effect of added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms (TLP) in the case of vibration in still water for both free and forced vibration subjected to axial load at the top of the leg is presented. This effect is more important when the amplitude of vibration is large. Also this is important in fatigue life study of tethers. The structural model used here is very simple. Perturbation method is used to formulate and solve the problem. First- and second-order perturbations are used to solve the free and forced vibrations, respectively.     

嵌入式计算机系统中的故障注入技术

故障注入技术越来越广泛地运用于嵌入式系统容错能力的确认和验证中.介绍了几种常用的故障注入技术及其相关原理和特点,并且针对嵌入式系统中的几种常用故障注入工具,描述了它们的体系结构及属性.     

人工神经网络在故障诊断系统中的应用

人工神经网络以其独到的联想、记忆、储存和学习功能，在故障诊断领域受到了广泛关注。其中，BP网络是最成熟、应用最广泛的一种网络。但BP网络在实际应用中也存在诸多不足，如学习率的取值需要凭借经验或试算选取，网络学习收敛速度慢以及易陷入局部最小点等。针对BP网络的这些不足，采用了Rumelhan附加惯性冲量和动态调整学习率相结合的改进的BP网络方法，并尝试用该改进算法来对凝汽器进行故障诊断。事实证明，在平均情况下，本系统收敛速度远远快于基本的BP算法。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

Hybrid Electric Drive for DDG-51 Class Destroyers

The first of the Arleigh Burke class destroyers is nearing its mid-life. This class of ships was designed during the late 1970s through the 1980s to meet the threats that were prevalent at that time. Since entering service in 1991, these ships have shown themselves to be extremely versatile and the class now consists of nearly 60 ships in service. Their combat systems have been continually upgraded and adapted to meet the new threats the United States faces today. However, in order to keep these platforms viable throughout the first half of the 21st century, their operating costs must be reduced. Manpower, maintenance, and fuel are three of the top operating cost drivers. Most surface combatants spend very little of their underway time operating at full speed or even close to that. Over 1/3 of their underway time is spent at 12 knots and under. This is less than half of their maximum speed and only a fraction of the maximum power owing to the cubic speed–power relationship. Although the existing mechanical drive system is reasonably efficient, the main gas turbines are extremely inefficient at these very low power levels. A shaft-mounted auxiliary electric propulsion system (EPS) can take advantage of excess capacity in the ship service generators to reduce the main engine operating hours. Enabling bi-directional power flow from this auxiliary electric drive will provide additional generation capacity for ship service loads at a modest additional cost. It also provides a "cross-connect" capability from one shaft to the other. This paper will explore one prospect for reducing the operating cost of the DDG-51 class of ships by installing an auxiliary EPS that would powered by the ship service electrical plant. This additional system would serve to reduce both underway fuel usage as well as maintenance on the gas turbine main engines by reducing the number of operating hours on each engine. We will examine the technology trade-offs in this ongoing study.     

服役钢筋混凝土桥梁时变可靠性分析

分析了影响桥梁抗力变化的因素,讨论了桥梁抗力的衰减模型,并根据已有抗力信息采用回归分析方法及最小二乘法确定模型参数的方法,建立抗力随时间变化的可靠度分析模型.对某座实际钢筋混凝土桥梁的可靠度进行了分析研究.结果表明所研究方法的可靠性和有效性.