高峡出平湖海事服务展新貌

三峡蓄水成库五年多来,长江海事部门面对库区通航环境不断变化的新挑战,心系库区百姓,凭着坚韧,永不满足,追求卓越的精神,开拓创新,大胆实践,多措并举,为库区通航撑起“安全伞”,便捷百姓出行,展出了良好的海事风貌。日前,本刊记者赴三峡库区对库区当前的通航状况进行了采访。     

对行政处罚案件的综合分析及管理建议

行政处罚是海事监管的重要的手段之一,它在有效震慑海事违法行为,维护水上安全秩序和防止船舶污染方面起着不可替代的重要作用。行政处罚案件的数量变化和违法行为种类的变化能够从一个侧面反映出某辖区、某时期的水上安全形势的基本态势,了解这个基本态势,可以有的放矢,科学地使用监管力量,对我们提高海事监管水平有着很大的促进作用。文中通过用数学方法、逻辑方法,对东港海事处辖区2008年上半年的行政处罚案例进行全面、系统、综合的定量、定性分析,以找出规律性和存在的问题,并采取科学合理的措施解决问题,找出管理重点和难点,提出管理建议,来达到提高海事管理水平和保障水上安全秩序的目的。     

转变理念 锐意改革——大力推进我国船员队伍发展

今年六月,中国高等航海教育迎来了自己的百年华诞。我国的航海教育培训质量高,规模大,培养形式多样,造就了大量的高级航海人才,为打造我国高素质海员队伍奠定了坚实的基础。目前,我国船员素质已得到了全球航运业的普遍认可,树立了“中国船员”的良好形象。交通运输部海事局作为我国的船员主管部门,一直高度重视船员发展工作,大力扶持航海教育,积极应对高素质海员世界性紧缺的局面,转变理念,锐意改革,努力营造船员发展的良好环境,为推动船员发展、促进航运繁荣做了大量工作。     

光化学蚀刻在增益发生器加工中的应用前景

增益发生器是化学激光器的关键部件之一。为了提高激光光束的质量和激光器的工作性能,本文从增益发生器的加工工艺出发,简单的介绍了传统工艺及其优势与劣势,在此基础上提出了光化学蚀刻与扩散焊结合的新工艺及其优势。重点总结了光蚀刻工艺效果的影响因素及其解决方案。     

舰舰导弹对敌水面舰艇突防能力评估模型初探

舰舰导弹是对水面舰艇攻击的主要武器之一,导弹突防能力是评价导弹性能的重要指标.根据反导武器系统的特点,建立了单发和多发导弹对敌舰攻击的突防能力模型.     

The relevance of international transport costs on food prices: Endogenous and exogenous effects

The paper addresses the problem of transport costs and their influence on food prices for South American imports. While transport does not seem to be in the focus of existing analyses, its impact on food prices might be underestimated and even closely linked to the development of commonly mentioned drivers of food prices. Since transport price formation is a function of demand and supply, drivers of food prices are also expected to impact on transport prices. The authors argue that a number of relevant factors that drive transport costs - and in consequence food prices - can be influenced by policy makers. Based on empirical analysis, the authors explain the functioning of the determinants of transport costs in the segment of international shipping, trying to describe their exogenous and endogenous components. These results are discussed in reference to policy development in the region.     

The structure of dissipation in the western Irish Sea front

We report on an intensive campaign in the summer of 2006 to observe turbulent energy dissipation in the vicinity of a tidal mixing front which separates well mixed and seasonally stratified regimes in the western Irish Sea. The rate of turbulent dissipation ε was observed on a section across the front by a combination of vertical profiles with the FLY dissipation profiler and horizontal profiles by shear sensors mounted on an AUV (Autosub). Mean flow conditions and stratification were obtained from a bed mounted ADCP and a vertical chain of thermistors on a mooring. During an Autosub mission of 60 h, the vehicle, moving at a speed of ~ 1.2 m s^− 1, completed 10 useable frontal crossings between end points which were allowed to move with the mean flow. The results were combined with parallel measurements of the vertical profile of ε which were made using FLY for periods of up to 13 h at positions along the Autosub track. The two data sets, which show a satisfactory degree of consistency, were combined to elucidate the space–time variation of dissipation in the frontal zone. Using harmonic analysis, the spatial structure of dissipation was separated from the strong time dependent signal at the M₄ tidal frequency to yield a picture of the cross-frontal distribution of energy dissipation. A complementary picture of the frontal velocity field was obtained from a moored ADCP and estimates of the mean velocity derived from the thermal wind using the observed density distribution. which indicated the presence of a strong (0.2 m s^− 1) jet-like flow in the high gradient region of the front. Under neap tidal conditions, mean dissipation varied across the section by 3 orders of magnitude exceeding 10^− 2 W m^− 3 near the seabed in the mixed regime and decreasing to 10^− 5 W m^− 3. in the strongly stratified interior regime. The spatial pattern of dissipation is consistent in general form with the predictions of models of tidal mixing and does not reflect any strong influence by the frontal jet.     

Quasi-two-dimensional flow on the polar β-plane: Laboratory experiments

Geophysical turbulence is strongly affected by the variation of the Coriolis parameter with latitude. This variation results in the so-called β-effect, which forces energy from small-scales to be transferred preferentially into zonal motions. This effect results in the formation of narrow jet-like zonal flows that dominate the dynamics and act as transport barriers. Here, laboratory experiments are used to reproduce this effect in decaying turbulent flows. An electromagnetic cell is used to generate an initial field of vorticity in a rotating tank. Under conditions of quasi-geostrophic flow, the β-effect is produced by depth variation of the flow instead of variation of the Coriolis parameter. The effects of changing the container geometry and the overall fluid depth on the production of jets are investigated. The results suggest that this laboratory configuration can be used to model jet formation in the oceans and that increasing fluid depth is a practical way to decrease viscous effects.     

Non-local simulation of the stable boundary layer with a third order moments closure model

A new higher order closure model for the stable boundary layer is presented and compared with Large Eddy Simulation data. The model includes numerical solutions for the mean values, second and third order moments equations. A satisfactory agreement is found between the calculated vertical profiles of the turbulent quantities with those provided by the LES. Furthermore the new model results are compared with profiles obtained with a lower order closure model in order to verify the effective importance of including third order dynamical equations in the model.     

Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their intermittency properties in the surf zone using empirical mode decomposition

We consider here surf zone turbulence measurements, recorded in the Eastern English Channel using a sonic anemometer. In order to characterize the intermittent properties of their fluctuations at many time scales, we analyze the experimental time series using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. The series is decomposed into a sum of modes, each one narrow-banded, and we show that some modes are associated with the energy containing wave breaking scales, and other modes are associated with small-scale intermittent fluctuations. We use the EMD approach in association with a newly developed method based on Hilbert spectral analysis, representing the probability density function in an amplitude–frequency space. We then characterize the fluctuations in a stochastic framework using a cumulant generating function for all scales, and compare the results obtained from direct and classical structure function analysis, to EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis results, showing that the former method saturates at large scales, whereas the latter method is more precise in its scale approach. These results show the strength of the new EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis method for data presenting a strong forcing such as found in shallow water, wave dominated situations.