台北公共交通月及无车日活动回顾与展望

台北国际无车日自2002年起举办了5次,由最早的骑自行车活动扩大至包含“走路上学日”与“公共交通月”丰富多彩的系列活动,渐渐获得民众认同。无车日活动的目标是通过活动的倡导和社会参与来改变民众使用交通工具的行为,潜移默化的效应可促使形成可持续交通政策,当可持续交通政策与基础设施建设落实后又可具体改变交通环境,形成良性的循环机制。首先说明了“无车日”的由来,并回顾台北都会区过去5年来举行无车日系列活动的内容与经验,同时基于活动的发展与成果归纳出无车日活动的成功要素,最后提出未来活动将扩大举办的内容、方式与展望,以期能为其他城市作参考。     

Assessment of factors associated with travel time reliability and prediction: an empirical analysis using probabilistic reasoning approach

Significant efforts have been made in modeling a travel time distribution and establishing measures of travel time reliability (TTR). However, the literature on evaluating the factors affecting TTR is not well established. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine potential factors that are associated with TTR. This study mainly applies the Bayesian Networks model to assess the probabilistic association between road geometry, traffic data, and TTR. The results from this model reveal that land use characteristics, intersection factors, and posted speed limits are directly associated with TTR. Evaluating the strength of the association between TTR and the directly related variables, the log odds ratio analysis indicates that the land use factor has the highest impact (0.83) followed by the intersection factor (0.57). The findings from this study can provide valuable resources to planners and traffic operators in their decision-making to improve TTR with quantitative evidence.     

Subjective well-being and travel: retrospect and prospect

Although the improvement of well-being is often an implicitly-assumed goal of many, if not most, public policies, the study of subjective well-being (SWB) and travel has so far been confined to a relatively small segment of the travel behavior community. Accordingly, one main purpose of this paper is to introduce a larger share of the community to some fundamental SWB-related concepts and their application in transportation research, with the goal of attracting others to this rewarding area of study. At the same time, however, I also hope to offer some useful reflections to those already working in this field. After discussing some basic issues of terminology and measurement of SWB, I present from the literature four conceptual models relating travel and subjective well-being. Following one of those models, I review five ways in which travel can influence well-being. I conclude by examining some challenges associated with assessing the impacts of travel on well-being, as well as challenges associated with applying what we learn to policy.

     

浅析结合用户调研管理汽车感知质量

文章首先综合分析的当前国内乘用车市场形势,提出汽车感知质量提升势在必行,接下来分析了行业内主流的用户调研手段,研究了用户调研与感知质量两者之间的关系,总结了用户调研信息对感知质量管理的作用。     

套筒式收发球在天然气管道内检测中的应用

为解决特殊清管器和检测器以及有特殊结构收发球筒的管道难以实施内检测的问题,以某天然气管道为例,详细介绍了在多节检测器安装困难、收发球筒尺寸过短、附件安装位置不合适等限制条件下,采用套筒式收发球方式对管道进行收发球作业,安全顺利完成了管道内检测。结论认为套筒式收发球能够在不进行收发球筒改造的前提下,完成带有特殊结构收发球筒的管道内检测作业。     

栏杆基石对闭口箱梁桥梁涡振性能影响的机理

为研究检修道栏杆基石对桥梁涡激振动性能的影响,依托中国某主跨808 m的超大跨度闭口箱梁加劲梁悬索桥,通过主梁大比例节段模型弹性悬挂测振测压风洞试验获取模型风致振动响应和表面各测点压力时程数据,测试原设计断面在±5°攻角范围内的涡振性能,对比分析3种不同栏杆基石位置和高度工况下主梁涡振响应性能和桥面测点脉动压力系数均值、均方差、压力功率谱以及局部气动力和总体气动力的相关性。研究结果表明：依托工程主梁设计断面发生了显著的竖向和扭转涡激共振,且扭转涡振显著超出规范允许值,主梁涡振性能随来流风攻角的增大而变差。主梁表面实测脉动压力数据分析显示,由于栏杆和基石的阻挡,箱梁上表面气流分离后在后部再附,导致上表面前部和中后部发生了强烈的压力脉动。上表面前部、后部以及下表面迎风区斜腹板局部气动力与总体气动力具有很强的相关性,这也是导致主梁发生显著扭转涡振的根本原因。将栏杆基石移至桥面板边沿显著减小了上、下表面压力脉动,上表面前部和后部气动力相关性被破坏,可以大幅抑制涡振;将栏杆基石移至桥面板边沿,并降低栏杆基石高度抑制了气流在上表面后部的再附现象,断面压力脉动被削弱,局部气动力和总体气动力相关性被完全破坏,从而有效抑制涡振。     

山区峡谷非均匀风场下大跨度斜拉桥静风稳定性分析

为研究山区峡谷地形下非均匀风场对大跨度桥梁静风稳定性的影响,以一座跨越典型山区峡谷地形的大跨度斜拉桥为工程背景,首先,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件Fluent对桥址区地形的风场特性进行分析,计算出沿主梁方向的非均匀风速和非均匀风攻角分布;然后,采用ANSYS APDL技术实现能考虑非均匀风速和非均匀风攻角下大桥静风稳定性的非线性分析方法。在此基础上,综合考察非均匀风攻角分布、非均匀风速分布、非均匀风速非均匀风攻角分布等风场条件对大桥静风稳定性的影响,分析各工况下主梁的静风变形与跨中处拉索刚度变化。研究结果表明：与均匀风场条件下的静风响应不同,非均匀风攻角或非均匀风速下主梁静风响应最大值点位于风荷载峰值点与跨中之间,在针对非均匀风场下大桥的静风稳定性分析时,应更注重静风响应最大值点而不是跨中处;非均匀风攻角下大桥的静风失稳临界风速要远低于均匀风攻角的静风失稳临界风速,且其静风稳定性能主要受最大风攻角而不是主跨部分非均匀风攻角的平均值来控制;非均匀风速下大桥的静风失稳临界风速主要由主跨部分的风速平均值和最大值共同影响;主梁的竖向位移和扭转角形状主要由风攻角因素来控制,而横向位移的变化规律相对较独立,其形状基本上以跨中线对称,且其值主要由风速因素来决定。     

使用有限元分析以改善重载运输车轴

分析了北美铁路货运发生的车轴故障,介绍了使用有限元对F级和K级车轴进行应力分析计算,研究车轴尺寸变化对应力的影响,并提出了改善重载车轴设计的建议.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship's track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability(ISS) theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques,a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently,a ship's linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University's ocean-going training ship 'YULONG' are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于结构化Fisherface的人脸识别新方法

特征提取是人脸识别中一个关键步骤.传统的Fisherface人脸识别方法中用样本的类均值和总体均值定义相应的散布矩阵,丢失了样本个体之间的结构信息,本文提出了一种基于原始样本个体结构信息的结构化Fisherface人脸识别方法,最后得到的特征数据中保留了原始样本更多的分布信息.在ORL人脸数据库的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.