An exploration of the competitive relationship between intercity transport systems

A suitable model that enables the analysis of dynamic relationships between transport systems is important for managers to make real-time reaction strategies. This study proposes an autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach that can point a way to interpret the long- and short-term relationships between intercity transport systems. To test the applicability of the approach with regard to evaluating the dynamic competitive relationships between intercity transport systems, an empirical study sample is adopted in evaluating competition between high-speed rail (HSR) and intercity bus services. The results indicate that HSR has a long-run impact on intercity bus transport and the intercity bus transport market is positively affected by its previous operations and negatively influenced by the previous performance of HSR. However, in the short-run, the current period performance of HSR positively affects the intercity bus transport market.     

The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

Microscopic structure and property of double-electrode gas metal arc welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy

This paper focuses on the research on double-electrode gas metal arc welding(DE-GMAW) of AZ31 B magnesium alloy sheet with 2 mm thickness. During the welding process, stable hybrid arc of metal inert gas(MIG) and tungsten inert gas(TIG) is employed as welding heat source. Optical and electron microscopes are used to observe the microstructures of the weld joint. X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) are employed to identify the components in fusion zone. Microhardness is also tested. When the MIG current is 80 A, the perfect weld joint is obtained, though figures of fish scales are observed in all joints in the research. The fusion zone is formed by dendrites, where β-Mg17(Al, Zn)12is dispersed. The hardness in fusion zone and heat affected zone(HAZ) is lower than that in base metal(BM). The average Vickers hardness of fusion zone and HAZ is about 58 and 56 respectively, while the Vickers hardness of BM is about 63.     

Numerical study of viscous wave-making resistance of ship navigation in still water

The prediction of a ship＇s resistance especially the viscous wave-making resistance is an important issue in CFD applications. In this paper, the resistances of six ships from hull 1 to hull 6 with different hull forms advancing in still water are numerically studied using the solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU, which was developed based on the open source code package OpenFOAM. Different components of the resistances are computed and compared while considering two speed conditions （12 kn and 16 kn）. The resistance of hull 3 is the smallest while that of hull 5 is the largest at the same speed. The results show hull 3 is a good reference for the design of similar ships, which can provide some valuable guidelines for hull form optimization.     

基于定位信息的天线伺服系统的设计与实现

为解决对海微波通信系统中岸站定向天线无法实时对准海上移动站的问题,研制了基于定位信息的天线伺服系统。系统采用基于AD2S83AP的轴角转换电路实现对天线转向的精确控制,稳定度高,通用性好,具备较大的工程实用价值,该文详细介绍了系统的结构、功能及各部分的具体实现。     

转向架焊接残余应力的测试及退火工艺

利用磁弹性法测量了材质为16MnR的CW-200型焊接转向架构架一定深度处的残余应力,分析了热处理前后构架中残余应力的分布及变化规律,并且研究了不同的退火工艺对焊后构架残余应力的影响．结果表明：构架焊接后存在较高的残余应力,在牵引杆座与横梁焊缝处最大值达到193MPa拉应力;而经过不同的去应力退火工艺处理后,残余应力的消除率不同．在630℃退火、保温3h工艺条件下试验用构架残余应力平均消除率最高,X、y方向的最大消除率分别为58．3％和54．6％．     

雾天微弱激光回波信号增强与处理研究

研究了雾天多脉冲信号累积增强原理和方法,并利用多脉冲累积增强原理对激光回波信号进行处理。为了提取微弱激光回波信号的特征,研究了匹配滤波处理算法,并分别就原始回波信号和多脉冲累积增强信号进行了匹配滤波处理,大大提高了信号的信噪比。实验结果表明：4个独立激光回波信号进行累积处理的结果使得回波信号的信噪比增强了2倍;多脉冲累积可以有效地提高回波信号的信噪比,而匹配滤波在提高信号信噪比的同时抑制了噪声。     

惯容悬挂元件对铁路车辆垂向振动的影响

惯容是一种新型的悬挂元件,其具有两个独立、自由的端点。介绍了惯容的概念以及一种机械结构的实现方式。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了含有惯容悬挂元件的铁路车辆垂向动力学仿真模型。对该模型施加脉冲和随机两种轨道不平顺激励,选取一定范围的惯容系数,分析其对车体垂向振动的影响。在随机激励下,分析了二系垂向刚度和阻尼系数变化时,惯容系数对车体垂向平稳性的影响。分析结果表明：当惯容系数取值在一定范围内时,其对车体垂向振动具有明显的抑制作用。     

非对称轮轨外形下踏面等效斜度计算

踏面等效斜度是衡量轨道车辆曲线通过性能和导向性能的重要指标，它同时关系到车辆的行车安全和乘客乘坐舒适性（或货物的完整性），现今有诸多标准对此作出限定，也有多位研究者就其计算方法给出了不同的意见[1]。然而这些计算方法各有许多缺陷，且尚未在非对称的轮轨踏面外形下得以应用。此次研究基于一系列等效斜度的计算方法，提出了一种近似于UIC-519传统积分方法[2]的改进积分方法，这种积分方法具有较高的计算精度和比传统积分法更高的计算效率。此外，又将该方法应用于CRH高速列车等的非对称等效斜率计算中，研究了非对称情况下踏面等效斜度的影响因素及影响程度。     

钢箱梁疲劳裂纹安全性等级评价方法

参考现有评价方法,将模糊综合评价法应用在钢箱梁疲劳裂纹安全性等级评价上。根据钢箱梁的结构特点,确定相应的因素集和评价集,建立数学模型,确定各评价指标的权重,并划分了相应的评价等级标准。根据此标准可对钢箱梁疲劳裂纹的安全性等级作出评价。